Abstract
Two-day rhythms, referred to as circa“bi”dian rhythms, were first reported in humans. In insects, a circabidian rhythm has been reported in the flight activity of the cool-weather mosquito Culiseta incidens under constant darkness. In both humans and mosquitoes, the appearance of the circabidian rhythm is labile under constant conditions, and the rhythm does not continue for a long time. In contrast, the black chafer Holotrichia parallela exhibited a rigid 2-day circabidian rhythm under both field and laboratory conditions. Three characteristics of the biological rhythms, free-running, entrainment to the zeitgeber, and temperature compensation of the period, were observed in the circabidian rhythm in H. parallela. Phase responses to light pulses suggest that the circadian clock mechanism is involved in the circabidian rhythm. The results of the brain surgery experiments imply that the optic lobe-pars intercerebralis axis in the brain is involved in the circabidian rhythm of H. parallela. Molecular phylogeny and behavioral observations suggest that after separation into Pedinotrichia, including H. parallela and Holotrichia picea, and Nigrotrichia, the circabidian rhythm probably appeared once in the ancestral species of Pedinotrichia.
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The author thanks Mr. Issei Nakagawa and Mr. Kohei Watanabe at Osaka University for providing the data and photo.
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Shiga, S. (2023). Circabidian Rhythm. In: Numata, H., Tomioka, K. (eds) Insect Chronobiology. Entomology Monographs. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0726-7_7
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