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piRNA-Based Cancer Therapy in Hypoxic Tumor

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Hypoxia in Cancer: Significance and Impact on Cancer Therapy

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Abstract

Tumor aggressiveness is encouraged by hypoxia, which also lowers patient survival. Numerous individuals with hypoxic tumors had poor outcomes, which shows that additional factors may affect how the tumors react to hypoxia. Hypoxia is frequently found in solid tumors and is known to influence aggressive tumor activity, chemotherapy resistance, and radiation resistance, all of which lead to a bad prognosis for the cancer patient. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) control how tumor cells react to hypoxia, but little is known about how piRNAs function in hypoxic tumors. PiRNAs are brand-new, tiny, noncoding RNA molecules with 24 and 31 nucleotides length. They frequently interact with proteins from the PIWI protein family to regulate the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, which is essential for understanding cancer genetics. Numerous studies have demonstrated that abnormal piRNA expression is a hallmark of various tumor forms, although their precise tumorigenic roles are still unknown. Patients' cancer type-specific piRNA signatures differ from one another. The malignancy renal cell carcinoma, defined by constitutive activation of hypoxia-related signaling brought on by a common mutation or deletion of the von Hippel–Lindau factor, is found to have highly uniform piRNA profiles across patients (VHL). According to prior reports, piRNAs and PIWI proteins may be crucial in cancer development, prognosis, and management. However, it has yet to be determined how these compounds might be relevant in therapeutic settings. The utilization of piRNAs and PIWI proteins as cancer treatments and diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is also considered prospective options. In this chapter, we cover recent research on the biogenetic mechanisms, roles, and emerging roles of piRNAs in hypoxia cancer, offering fresh perspectives on the possible uses of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in the detection and clinical management of hypoxic cancer.

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  1. Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Suman Kumar Ray

  2. Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Sukhes Mukherjee

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Sukhes Mukherjee

  2. Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Jagat Rakesh Kanwar

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Ray, S.K., Mukherjee, S. (2023). piRNA-Based Cancer Therapy in Hypoxic Tumor. In: Mukherjee, S., Kanwar, J.R. (eds) Hypoxia in Cancer: Significance and Impact on Cancer Therapy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0313-9_8

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