Abstract
This research bypasses the use of wasteful scaffolding and moulds, by exploring 3D concrete printing (3DCP) on reusable sand-based substructures. Non-standard, complex geometries generally require the use of formwork to be produced, leading to wasteful, material-intense manufacturing processes. The research explores optimised material depositing strategies for 3DCP on robotically shaped sand formwork. The need for timber scaffolding, plastic or foam-based moulding for casting concrete is avoided. The fabricated structures are lattice-based lenses with varying curve densities, envisioned as screens part of facade systems and spatial dividers. The research addresses the need for circular construction, reduction of raw-material usage for concrete formwork and the development of optimised material depositing strategies to undercut concrete usage. The deployed method falls under the category of sub-additive concrete printing. Firstly, the sand-based formwork for printing is shaped robotically through the use of different customised end-effectors. The robotic sand-forming of the substructure can be repeated multiple times, as almost no material loss is encountered. Subsequently, the robot arm is used for 3DCP along a three-dimensional tool path on the robotically shaped sand formwork. Parameters such as extrusion flow, printing speed and angle were tested and optimised to guarantee high-precision printing and resolution.
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Funding
The presented work is developed by a consortium of the Architectural Design and Engineering Chair of TU Eindhoven (Prof. Juliette Bekkering, Assist. Prof. Cristina Nan, research assistant Alessio Vigorito), Neutelings Riedijk Architects (founder Michiel Riedijk, architect Chaoyu Huang), the 3DCP Vertico (founder Volker Ruitinga, Kees Leemeijer, Orestis Pavlidis) and Betonhuis (Cindy Vissering). The research is funded by the Dutch Research Council NWO, KIEM-CE grant.
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Nan, C., Vigorito, A. (2024). Exploring 3D Concrete Printing of Lattice Structures on Robotically-Shaped Sand Formwork for Circular Futures. In: Di Marco, G., Lombardi, D., Tedjosaputro, M. (eds) Creativity in the Age of Digital Reproduction. xArch 2023. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 343. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0621-1_16
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0621-1_16
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