Abstract
Distributed generation (DG) is gaining popularity as it has a positive environmental impact and the capability to reduce high transmission costs and power losses. Although the integration of renewable energy-based DG will help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it will rely heavily on new ways of managing system complexity. As traditional distribution networks were not designed to accommodate power generation facilities, various technical issues arise in the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) into grids. This chapter presents an analysis of the major obstacles to the integration of green energy into power distribution systems (PDSs). Static and dynamic analyses are carried out with solar photovoltaic (PV) generators connected to different test systems to gain a clear understanding of the effect of PVs in PDSs. The results are compared with the existing utility standards to determine the critical issues in the integration of PVs into PDSs. A novel H ∞ based control methodology is proposed to ensure grid code-compatible performances of PV generators. During the controller design, special attention is given to the dynamics of the load compositions of distribution systems. It is found that the proposed controller enhances the voltage stability of distribution systems under varying operating conditions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Renewable Energy Policy Network for 21st Century, Renewables 2010 global status report. http://www.ren21.net. Accessed 22 June 2013
Sengupta M, Keller J (2012) PV ramping in a distributed generation environment: a study using solar measurements. In: IEEE Photovolt Spec Conf pp 586–589
Schauder C (2011) Impact of FERC 661-A and IEEE 1547 on photovoltaic inverter design. In: IEEE PES General Meeting pp 1–6
Molina MG, Mercado PE (2008) Modeling and control of grid-connected photovoltaic energy conversion system used as a dispersed generator. In: IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America, pp 1–8
Tan YT, Kirschen DS, Jenkins N (2004) A model of PV generation suitable for stability analysis. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 19(4):748–755
Rodriguez C, Amaratunga GAJ (2004) Dynamic stability of grid-connected photovoltaic systems.In: IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting pp 2193–2199
Eltawil MA, Zhao Z (2010) Grid-connected photovoltaic power systems: technical and potential problems—a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 14(1):112–129
Atwa YM, El-Saadany EF (2009) Reliability evaluation for distribution system with renewable distributed generation during islanded mode of operation. IEEE Trans Power Systems 24(2):572–581
IEEE Task Force (1993) Load representation for dynamic performance analysis. IEEE Trans on Power Systems 8(2):472–482
Concordia C, Ihara S (1982) Load representation in power system stability studies. IEEE Trans Power Apparatus Syst PAS-101(4): 969–977
Roy NK, Hossain MJ, Pota HR (2011) Effects of load modeling in power distribution system with distributed wind generation.In: 21st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference pp 1–6
Kundur P (1994) Power system stability and control. McGraw-Hill, New York
IEEE Std. 1547 (2003) IEEE standard for interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems
IEEE Std 1547.2 (2008) IEEE application guide for IEEE Std 1547, IEEE standard for interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems
Mahmud MA, Pota HR, Hossain MJ, Roy NK (2014) Robust partial feedback linearizing stabilization scheme for three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic systems. IEEE J Photovolt 4(1): 423–431
IEEE Power and Energy Series—Song YH, Johns AT(eds) (1999) Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). The Institution of Electrical Engineers, London
Hingorani NG, Gyugyi L (2000) Understanding FACTS-concepts and technology of flexible AC transmission systems. IEEE Press, New York
Yunus AMS, Masoum MAS, Abu-Siada A (2011) Effect of STATCOM on the low-voltage ride-through capability of Type-D wind turbine generator. In: Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Asia pp 1–5
Yang K, Cheng X, Wang Y et al (2012) PCC voltage stabilization by D-STATCOM with direct grid voltage control strategy. In: Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Asia pp 1–5
Rao P, Crow ML, Yang Z (2000) STATCOM control for power system voltage control applications. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 15(4):1311–1317
Seo JC, Kim TH, Park JK , Moon SI (1996) An LQG based PSS design for controlling the SSR in power systems with series-compensated lines. IEEE Trans Energy Conversion 11(2):423–428
Joshi SM, Kelkar AG (2002) Design of norm-bounded and sector-bounded LQG controllers for uncertain systems. J Optim Theory Appl 113(2):269–282
Civanlar S, Grainger JJ, Yin H , Lee SSH (1988) Distribution feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 3(3):1217–1223
Taylor CW (1994) Power system voltage stability. McGraw-Hill, New York
Li S, Tomsovic K, Hiyama T (2000) Load following functions using distributed energy resources. In: IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting pp 1756–1761
Hossain MJ, Saha TK, Mithulananthan N, Pota HR (2012) Robust control strategy for PV system integration in distribution systems. Appl Energy 99:355–362
Milano F (2010) Power system modeling and scripting. Springer-Verlag, London
Hossain MJ, Pota HR, Ramos RA (2011) Robust STATCOM control for the stabilisation of fixed-speed wind turbines during low voltages. Renewable Energy 36(11):2897–2905
Roy NK, Pota HR, Hossain MJ (2013) Reactive power management of distribution networks with wind generation for improving voltage stability. Renewable Energy 58:85–94
Anderson BDO, Moore JB (1990) Optimal control: linear quadratic methods. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Roy, N.K., Pota, H.R. (2014). Integration of Green Energy into Power Distribution Systems: Study of Impacts and Development of Control Methodology. In: Hossain, J., Mahmud, A. (eds) Renewable Energy Integration. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-27-9_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-27-9_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-4585-26-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-4585-27-9
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)