Abstract
Studies involving manipulation of intestinal microflora with probiotic species have suggested potential effectiveness in multiple gastrointestinal diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases. Resulting benefits of probiotics include competitively excluding pathogens, improvement of mucosal barrier function, and hence maintaining the gut homeostasis and modulating the immune system by inducing the release of cytokines. Few lactobacillus strains are also known to modulate the perception of pain by inducing effects similar to that of morphine in the intestinal epithelial cells. Probiotic products like VSL#3 (Bifidobacterium longum, B. breve, B. infantis, Lactobacillus plantarum, L. acidophilus, L. paracasei, L. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus), Culturelle (L. rhamnosus GG), Florastor (S. boulardii), Align (B. infantis), DanActive (L. casei), Mutaflor (E. coli Nissle 1917) are current examples of treatments. Probiotics are also increasingly being added in dairy as well as non-dairy products like drinks, yoghurts, etc. Most studies regarding the anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics are preliminary and seem promising but require further clinical trials. There is also scope for studies on the dosage, duration of therapies, ways of administration, and strain combinations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Andresen V, Baumgart DC (2006) Role of probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: potential mechanisms and current clinical evidence. Int J Probiotics Prebiotics 1(1):11
Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E, Le Paslier D, Yamada T, Mende DR, Fernandes GR, Tap J, Bruls T, Batto JM, Bertalan M (2011) Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature 473(7346):174–180
Basso PJ, Câmara NOS, Sales-Campos H (2018) Microbial-based therapies in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease–an overview of human studies. Front Pharmacol 9:1571
Bennet SM, Öhman L, Simrén M (2015) Gut microbiota as potential orchestrators of irritable bowel syndrome. Gut Liver 9(3):318
Canavan C, West J, Card T (2014) The epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Epidemiol 6:71
Caporaso JG, Lauber CL, Walters WA, Berg-Lyons D, Huntley J, Fierer N, Owens SM, Betley J, Fraser L, Bauer M, Gormley N (2012) Ultra-high-throughput microbial community analysis on the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq platforms. ISME J 6(8):1621–1624
Celiberto LS, Bedani R, Rossi EA, Cavallini DCU (2017) Probiotics: the scientific evidence in the context of inflammatory bowel disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 57(9):1759–1768
Chermesh I, Eliakim R (2006) Probiotics and the gastrointestinal tract: where are we in 2005? World J Gastroenterol: WJG 12(6):853
Day RL, Harper AJ, Woods RM, Davies OG, Heaney LM (2019) Probiotics: current landscape and future horizons. Fut Sci OA 5(4):FSO391
Dignass A, Lindsay JO, Sturm A, Windsor A, Colombel JF, Allez M, D'Haens G, D'Hoore A, Mantzaris G, Novacek G, Öresland T (2012) Second European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis part 2: current management. J Crohn’s Colitis 6(10):991–1030
Enck P, Zimmermann K, Menke G, Klosterhalfen S (2009) Randomized controlled treatment trial of irritable bowel syndrome with a probiotic E.-coli preparation (DSM17252) compared to placebo. Zeitschriftfür Gastroenterologie 47(02):209–214
Guarner F, Khan AG, Garisch J, Eliakim R, Gangl A, Thomson A, Krabshuis J, Lemair T, Kaufmann P, De Paula JA, Fedorak R (2012) World gastroenterology organisation global guidelines: probiotics and prebiotics October (2011). J Clin Gastroenterol 46(6):468–481
Guslandi M, Mezzi G, Sorghi M, Testoni PA (2000) Saccharomyces boulardii in maintenance treatment of Crohn’s disease. Dig Dis Sci 45(7):1462–1464
Kajander K, Myllyluoma E, Rajilić-Stojanović M, Kyrönpalo S, Rasmussen M, Järvenpää S, Korpela R (2008) Clinical trial: multispecies probiotic supplementation alleviates the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and stabilizes intestinal microbiota. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 27(1):48–57
Kruis W, Frič P, Pokrotnieks J, Lukáš M, Fixa B, Kaščák M, Wolff C (2004) Maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis with the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 is as effective as with standard mesalazine. Gut 53(11):1617–1623
Li F, Duan K, Wang C, McClain C, Feng W (2016) Probiotics and alcoholic liver disease: treatment and potential mechanisms. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016:5491465. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5491465. Epub 2015 Dec 29
Mack DR (2011) Probiotics in inflammatory bowel diseases and associated conditions. Nutrients 3(2):245–264
Mahdi BM (2018) Introductory Chapter: inflammatory bowel disease. In: New concepts in inflammatory bowel disease. IntechOpen
Marteau P, Seksik P, Jian R (2002) Probiotics and intestinal health effects: a clinical perspective. Br J Nutr 88(S1):s51–s57
Ng SC, Hart AL, Kamm MA, Stagg AJ, Knight SC (2008) Mechanisms of action of probiotics: recent advances. Inflamm Bowel Dis 15(2):300–310
Nobaek S, Johansson ML, Molin G, Ahrné S, Jeppsson B (2000) Alteration of intestinal microflora is associated with reduction in abdominal bloating and pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 95(5):1231–1238
Oelschlaeger TA (2010) Mechanisms of probiotic actions–a review. Int J Med Microbiol 300(1):57–62
Pagnini C, Delle Fave G, Bamias G (2013) Probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: pathophysiological background and clinical applications. World J Immunol 3(3):31–43
Panghal A, Janghu S, Virkar K, Gat Y, Kumar V, Chhikara N (2018) Potential non-dairy probiotic products–a healthy approach. Food Biosci 21:80–89
Rembacken BJ, Snelling AM, Hawkey PM, Chalmers DM, Axon ATR (1999) Non-pathogenic Escherichia coli versus mesalazine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a randomised trial. Lancet 354(9179):635–639
Spiller R, Major G (2016) IBS and IBD—separate entities or on a spectrum? Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 13(10):613–621
Vasudha S, Mishra HN (2013) Non dairy probiotic beverages. Int Food Res J 20(1)
Veerappan GR, Betteridge J, Young PE (2012) Probiotics for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 14(4):324–333
Whelan K, Quigley EM (2013) Probiotics in the management of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 29(2):184–189
Zhu B, Wang X, Li L (2010) Human gut microbiome: the second genome of human body. Protein Cell 1(8):718–725
Zigra PI, Maipa VE, Alamanos YP (2007) Probiotics and remission of ulcerative colitis: a systematic review. Neth J Med 65(11):411–418
Zocco MA, Dal Verme LZ, Cremonini F, Piscaglia AC, Nista EC, Candelli M, Armuzzi A (2006) Efficacy of lactobacillus GG in maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 23(11):1567–1574
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sharma, V., Sharma, P. (2021). Probiotics as Anti-Inflammatory Agents in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. In: Pawar, S.V., Rishi, P. (eds) Probiotic Research in Therapeutics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6236-9_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6236-9_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-33-6235-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-33-6236-9
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)