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Rethinking the Position of Ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia

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Contesting Chineseness

Part of the book series: Asia in Transition ((AT,volume 14))

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Abstract

Southeast Asia has the largest number of ethnic Chinese outside China. According to Rigg (2003) , of the 25–30 million ethnic Chinese around the world, about 23.9 million of them live in Southeast Asia.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    According to Encyclopaedia Britannica (n.d.), the expression “fifth column” refers to a “clandestine group or faction of subversive agents who attempt to undermine a nation’s solidarity by any means at their disposal”.

  2. 2.

    For the background of nationality issues of Chinese in Indonesia, see Willmott (1961) and Coppel (1983, pp. 26–27).

  3. 3.

    The Chinese language (read: Mandarin) became merely one subject that was compulsory for Chinese Singaporean students to take. This was in line with the government’s policy of bilingualism that compelled each Singaporean student to learn English and his or her “official mother tongue”—Mandarin for Chinese Singaporeans, Malay for Malay Singaporeans and Tamil for Indian Singaporeans. For more details about the language policy of Singapore, see Wee (2014) and Chua (2017, pp. 134–145).

  4. 4.

    It should be noted that Chinese-language newspapers in Laos are mostly imported from Thailand because Laos does not have its own Chinese-language newspapers due to the lack of capital and experienced journalists with strong Chinese language skills. See Yao (2013).

  5. 5.

    The Chinese language here refers to Mandarin, which is the official language of China.

  6. 6.

    But according to Hoonand Kuntjara (2019), the Jakarta BTIP Kongzi Institute is considered unofficial as it is not affiliated with any university.

  7. 7.

    For such cases outside Southeast Asia, see He Qinglian’s (2019) book on the global expansion of China’s influence in the media of various countries and Clive Hamilton’s (2018) book on China’s threat towards Australia’s academic and journalistic freedom.

  8. 8.

    “Zhuomuniao” is the pen name of the author of the commentary. His real name is Shen Hui Zheng (沈慧爭). He used to teach in pre-Suharto era Chinese-medium schools. He joined Qiandao Ribao as a journalist since the establishment of the newspaper in 2000 (Shen 2015). For the origins of the Tiananmen Square protests, see Oksenberg et al. (1990), Han and Li (1992) and Calhoun (1997). On the historical significance and influence of the movement on China’s subsequent development, see Wang (2019).

  9. 9.

    For more information of the contributions of Lim Lian Geok and the LLG Cultural Development Centre, see the web site of the Centre at https://llgcultural.com/en/.

  10. 10.

    Initially, Ho was also invited by the Institute of China Studies at the University of Malaya to give a talk. But the talk was also canceled after the LLG Cultural Development Centre canceled his talk (Huang [Wong] 2019b).

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    Wu-Ling Chong

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    Ying-kit Chan

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Chong, WL. (2021). Rethinking the Position of Ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia. In: Hoon, CY., Chan, Yk. (eds) Contesting Chineseness. Asia in Transition, vol 14. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6096-9_7

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