Abstract
Energy consumption is a significant issue for data forwarding in Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN), where nodes are energy-constrained as they are driven by batteries. During their limited lifetime, these nodes have to spend a huge amount of energy since they perform forwarding, receiving, and temporarily storing messages, searching for the neighboring nodes for message forwarding, etc. The remaining energy of a node is expected to be higher as it increases the possibility of successful message delivery. Hence, awareness of energy expenditure is necessary for the routing strategies in DTN. This issue instigated us to evaluate the impact of node remaining energy on social-based routing protocols for the DTN scenario. Apart from the conventional DTN forwarding techniques, social-based forwarding protocols have involved an emerging concept that considers nodes’ social relations and behaviors to make routing decisions for efficient message transmission. In this paper, we have analyzed the energy efficiency of several social-based routing approaches, such as Social-aware Content-based Opportunistic Routing Protocol (SCORP), dLife, dLifeComm, and Bubble Rap with their corresponding performance evaluations regarding the performance metrics: average remaining energy, delivery ratio, average delay, and transmission cost. Opportunistic Network Environment (ONE) simulator is used as the simulation tool, where all the simulations are performed by (i) varying the number of nodes in each group with a fixed message Time-To-Live (TTL), and (ii) changing the message TTL, while the number of nodes per group is kept constant. From the outcome of simulations, it is observed that SCORP has the highest energy efficiency and shows the best performances for average delay and transmission cost.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Borrego, C., Borrell, J., Robles, S.: Efficient broadcast in opportunistic networks using optimal stopping theory. Ad Hoc Netw. 88, 5–17 (2019)
Wu, J., Guo, Y., Zhou, H., Shen, L., Liu, L.: Vehicular delay tolerant network routing algorithm based on bayesian network. IEEE Access 8, 18727–18740 (2020)
Juyal, V., Saggar, R., Pandey, N.: On exploiting dynamic trusted routing scheme in delay tolerant networks. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 112, 1705–1718 (2020)
Haq, A., Faheem, Y.: A peer-to-peer communication based content distribution protocol for incentive-aware delay tolerant networks. Wirel. Netw. 26(1), 583–601 (2020)
Vahdat, A., Becker, D.: Epidemic Routing for Partially-Connected Ad Hoc Networks. Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Tech. Rep. CS-2000-06 (2000)
Spyropoulos, T., Psounis, K., Raghavendra, C.S.: Spray and wait: an efficient routing scheme for intermittently connected mobile networks. In: WDTN, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 252–259. ACM (2005)
Spyropoulos, T., Psounis, K., Raghavendra, C.S.: Spray and focus: efficient mobility-assisted routing for heterogeneous and correlated mobility. In: Fifth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops, White Plains, NY, pp. 79–85 (2007)
Lindgren, A., Doria, A., Schelén, O.: Probabilistic routing in intermittently connected networks. ACM Mobile Comput. Commun. Rev. 7(3), 19–20 (2003)
Burgess, J., Gallagher, B., Jensen, D., Levine, B.N.: MaxProp: routing for vehicle-based disruption-tolerant networks. In: IEEE INFOCOM, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1–11 (2006)
Balasubramanian, A., Levine, B.N., Venkataramani, A.: DTN routing as a resource allocation problem. In: SIGCOMM, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 373–384. ACM (2007)
Moreira, W., Mendes, P., Sargento, S.: Social-aware opportunistic routing protocol based on user’s interactions and interests. In: Sherif, M., Mellouk, A., Bellavista, P. (eds.) Ad Hoc Networks. ADHOCNETS 2013. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunication Engineering, vol. 129, Springer, Cham (2014)
Moreira, W., Mendes, P., Sargento, S.: Opportunistic routing based on daily routines. In: IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, San Francisco, USA, pp. 1–6 (2012)
Hui, P., Crowcroft, J., Yoneki, E.: Bubble rap: social-based forwarding in delay-tolerant networks. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 10(11), 1576–1589 (2011)
Abdellaoui Alaoui, E.A., Zekkori, H., Agoujil, S.: Hybrid delay tolerant network routing protocol for heterogeneous networks. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 148, 102456 (2019)
Qirtas, M.M., Faheem, Y., Rehmani, M.H.: A cooperative mobile throwbox-based routing protocol for social-aware delay tolerant networks. Wirel. Netw. 26, 3997–4009 (2020)
Zhang, X., Huang, P., Guo, L., Fang, Y.: Social-aware energy-efficient data offloading with strong stability. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 27(4), 1515–1528 (2019)
Spaho, E.: Energy consumption analysis of different routing protocols in a delay tolerant network. J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput. 11, 3833–3839 (2019)
Khan, M.K.M., Roy, S.C., Rahim, M.S., Islam, A.Z.M.T.: On the energy efficiency and performance of delay-tolerant routing protocols. In: Bhuiyan, T., Ali, M. (eds.) Cyber Security and Computer Science. ICONCS 2020. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunication Engineering, vol. 325, Springer, Cham (2020)
Khan, M.K.M., Rahim, M.S.: Performance analysis of social-aware routing protocols in delay tolerant networks. In: 2018 International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Material and Electronic Engineering, pp. 1−4. IEEE, Bangladesh (2018)
Loudari, S.E., Benamar, N.: Effects of selfishness on the energy consumption in opportunistic networks: A performance assessment. In: 2019 International Conference on Wireless Technologies, Embedded and Intelligent Systems, pp. 1–7. IEEE, Morocco (2019)
Kaviani, M., Kusy, B., Jurdak, R., Bergmann, N., Liu, V.: Energy-aware forwarding strategies for delay tolerant network routing protocols. J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 5(4), 18 (2016)
Chilipirea, C., Petre, A.C., Dobre, C.: Energy-aware social-based routing in opportunistic networks. In: 2013 27th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, pp. 791–796. IEEE, Spain (2013)
Jedari, B., Liu, L., Qiu, T., Rahim, A., Xia, F.: A game-theoretic incentive scheme for social-aware routing in selfish mobile social networks. Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst. 70, 178–190 (2017)
Kuppusamy, V., Thanthrige, U.M., Udugama, A., Förster, A.: Evaluating forwarding protocols in opportunistic networks: trends, advances, challenges and best practices. Futur. Internet 11(5), 13 (2019)
Opportunistic Network Environment (ONE) simulator project page. https://www.netlab.tkk.fi/tutkimus/dtn/theone. Accessed: 31 Aug 2020, 3:55:37 AM, Bangladesh Standard Time
Acknowledgements
This work has been supported by National Science and Technology (NST) M.Phil. fellowship, granted by Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Khan, M.K.M., Rahim, M.S., Islam, A.Z.M.T. (2021). Evaluating Energy Efficiency and Performance of Social-Based Routing Protocols in Delay-Tolerant Networks. In: Kaiser, M.S., Bandyopadhyay, A., Mahmud, M., Ray, K. (eds) Proceedings of International Conference on Trends in Computational and Cognitive Engineering. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1309. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4673-4_41
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4673-4_41
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-33-4672-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-33-4673-4
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)