Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) affects approximately half a million patients worldwide and is the most rapidly increasing cause of cancer death in the United States owing to the lack of effective treatment options for advanced disease [1]. Numerous lines of clinical and histopathologic evidence suggest that HCC is a heterogeneous disease, but a coherent molecular explanation for this heterogeneity has yet to be reported [2]. Due to the phenotypic and molecular diversity of HCC, it is a challenge to determine a patient’s prognosis [3]. It would be ideal to increase monitoring of patients with poor prognosis. Thus the inability to accurately predict prognosis leads to excessive or insufficient time spent following patients, resulting in unnecessary anxiety and cost for patients, and inefficient allocation of resources for hospitals.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
El-Serag, H. B., & Rudolph, K. L. (2007). Hepatocellular carcinoma: Epidemiology and molecular carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology, 132, 2557–2576.
Yujin, H., Sebastian, M. B. N., Masahiro, K., et al. (2009). Integrative transcriptone analysis reveals common molecular subclasses of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Research, 69(18), 7385–7392.
Jean-Charles, N., Aurelien, D. R., Augusto, V., et al. (2013). A hepatocellular carcinoma 5-gene score associated with survival of patients after liver resection. Gastroenterology, 145, 176–187.
Forner, A., Llovet, J. M., & Bruix, J. (2012). Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet, 379(1245–125), 5.
Marrero, J. A., Fontana, R. J., Barrat, A., et al. (2005). Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of 7 staging systems in an American cohort. Hepatology, 41, 707–716.
Roayaie, S., Blume, I. N., Thung, S. N., et al. (2009). A system of classifying microvascular invasion to predict outcome after resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology, 137, 850–855.
Hoshida, Y., Villaneuva, A., Kobayashi, M., et al. (2008). Gene expression in fixed tissues and outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma. New England Journal of Medicine, 359, 1995–2004.
Villanueva, A., Hoshida, Y., Toffanin, S., et al. (2010). New strategies in hepatocellular carcinoma: Genomic prognostic markers. Clinical Cancer Research, 16, 2688–4694.
Lee, J. S., Chu, I. S., Heo, J., et al. (2004). Classification and prediction of survival in hepatocellular carcinoma by gene expression profiling. Hepatology, 40, 667–676.
Roessler, S., Jia, H. L., Budhu, A., et al. (2010). A unique metastasis gene signature enables prediction of tumour relapse in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Cancer Research, 70, 10202–10212.
Lee, J. S., Heo, J., Libbrecht, L., et al. (2006). A novel prognostic subtype of human hepatocellular carcinoma derived from hepatic progenitor cells. Nature Medicine, 12, 410–416.
Boyault, S., Rickman, D. S., de Reynies, A., et al. (2007). Transcriptome classification of HCC is related to gene alterations and to new therapeutic targets. Hepatology, 45, 42–52.
Villanueva, A., Hoshida, Y., Battison, C., et al. (2011). Combining clinical, pathology, and gene expression data to predict recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology, 140(1501–1512), e1502.
Hoshida, Y., Villanueva, A., Sangiovanni, A., et al. Prognostic gene-expression signature for patients with hepatitis C-Related early stage cirrhosis. Gastroentology.
Clavien, P. A., Lesurtel, M., Bossuyt, P. M., et al. (2012). Recommendations for liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: An international consensus conference report. Lancet Oncology 13, e11–e22.
Kudo, M. (2011). Adjuvant therapy after curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology, 81(Suppl 1), 50–55.
Albain, K. S., Barlow, W. E., Shak, S., et al. (2010). Prognostic and predictive value of the 21-gene recurrence score assay in postmenopausal women with node-positive, oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer on chemotherapy: A retrospective analysis of a randomized trial. Lancet Oncology, 11, 55–65.
Cardoso, F., Van’t Veer, L., Rutgers, E., et al. (2008). Clinical application of the 70-gene profile: The MINDACT trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 26, 729–735.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Qi, K.R., Michelle, P.M.X., Min-Han, T. (2019). Prognostic Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. In: Guo, H., Ren, H., Bandla, A. (eds) IRC-SET 2018. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9828-6_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9828-6_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-32-9827-9
Online ISBN: 978-981-32-9828-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)