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Exosomes: Mediators and Therapeutic Targets of Diabetes and Pancreatic Cancer

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Exploring Pancreatic Metabolism and Malignancy

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Abstract

Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by exocytosis and affect both physiological and pathological mechanisms. Exosomes are important mediators and therapeutic targets of diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer owing to their role in controlling β-cell mass and insulin signaling. Early diagnosis of diabetes and pancreatic cancer can remarkably expand therapeutic approaches and overall survival. Further, identification of biomarkers for predicting the risk of diabetes and pancreatic cancer development and monitoring of their progression to disease state could be useful in envisaging possible complications along with prevention and treatment. Recently, exosomes are recognized as apparent facilitators of intercellular communication. They are reported as novel source of potential biomarkers. Current knowledge on exosome content can further aid in the development of potential markers for diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes and pancreatic cancer and also for discovery of novel therapeutic targets. This chapter covers the current updates on the role of exosomes in types 1 and 2 diabetes as well as pancreatic cancer. The later sections cover the role of exosome in diagnosis, drug delivery, and treatment of diabetes and pancreatic cancer along with their future prospects.

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Abbreviations

ADSCs:

Adipose-derived stem cells

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

DC:

Dendritic cells

LADA:

Latent autoimmune diabetes

MODY:

Monogenic maturity onset diabetes

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

PP cells:

Pancreatic polypeptide cells

RI:

Resistance to insulin

T1D:

Type I diabetes

T2D:

Type II diabetes

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Deepak KGK & Rama Rao Malla

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Rama Rao Malla

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  1. Deepak KGK
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  2. Rama Rao Malla
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Correspondence to Rama Rao Malla .

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  1. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju

  2. Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Aramati BM Reddy

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Deepak KGK, Malla, R.R. (2019). Exosomes: Mediators and Therapeutic Targets of Diabetes and Pancreatic Cancer. In: Nagaraju, G., BM Reddy, A. (eds) Exploring Pancreatic Metabolism and Malignancy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9393-9_14

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