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Differentiation of the Coordination Chemistry of Metal Chlorides in Catalytic Conversion of Glucose in Ionic Liquids

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Reaction Pathways and Mechanisms in Thermocatalytic Biomass Conversion I

Part of the book series: Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology ((GCST))

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Abstract

Catalytic aldose isomerization to ketose is an important reaction for the utilization of cellulosic biomass. However, a fundamental understanding and knowledge base involved in this reaction remains lacking in the literature. In this chapter, we provide a focused review of the most studied solvent-based catalytic system involving metal halides for glucose isomerization to fructose and further to 5-hydroxymethhylfurfral (5-HMF). Results from studies by different physical techniques are critically reviewed. A differentiation of the coordination chemistry of different metal chlorides obtained by various physical techniques is established to rationalize the drastically different catalytic pathways by the metal chloride catalysts. The performance of metal chloride catalysts for the isomerization of aldose to ketose is found to correlate with their coordination chemistry. Solvents play an important role in determining the coordination structures for the metal ions, which critically affect the catalysis of the metal chloride precursors. Undesired side products are related to the reaction pathways corresponding to the nature of the coordination of metal ions with different oxygen sources in the substrates and the products.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China

    Huixiang Li & Z. Conrad Zhang

  2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China

    Huixiang Li

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  1. Huixiang Li
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  2. Z. Conrad Zhang
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Correspondence to Z. Conrad Zhang .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

    Marcel Schlaf

  2. Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China

    Z. Conrad Zhang

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Li, H., Zhang, Z.C. (2016). Differentiation of the Coordination Chemistry of Metal Chlorides in Catalytic Conversion of Glucose in Ionic Liquids. In: Schlaf, M., Zhang, Z. (eds) Reaction Pathways and Mechanisms in Thermocatalytic Biomass Conversion I. Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-688-1_4

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