Abstract
When fans attend live sports events, they usually engage in social experiences with friends, family members, and other fans at the venue sharing the same affiliation. However, fans watching the same event through a live television broadcast end up not feeling so emotionally connected with the performers and other fans, as they would if they were watching it live together with thousands of other fans. With this in mind, we seek to create mobile applications that deliver engaging social experiences involving remote fans watching live broadcasted sports events. Taking into account the growing use of mobile devices when watching TV broadcasts, these mobile applications will explore the second screen concept, which allows users to interact with content that complements the TV broadcast. Within this context, we present four second screen application prototypes developed to test our concepts, the corresponding user studies and results, as well as suggestions on how to apply the prototypes’ concepts not only in different sports, but also during live TV shows and electronic sports. Finally, we also present the challenges we faced and the guidelines we followed during the development and evaluation phases, which may give a considerable contribution to the development of second screen applications for live broadcasted events.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
X Factor clap feature, http://www.itvmedia.co.uk/rimmel.
- 2.
Rising Star application, http://bit.ly/1CBqKbJ.
- 3.
Viva Ronaldo, http://www.vivaronaldo.com.
- 4.
Heineken Star Player, http://www.creativereview.co.uk/cr-blog/2011/april/heineken-starplayer.
- 5.
Preplay Baseball, http://get.mlb.preplaysports.com.
- 6.
Preplay Football, http://get.football.preplaysports.com.
- 7.
Entourage, http://bit.ly/1pNdLCc.
- 8.
MEO GO, http://bit.ly/1vckvFB.
- 9.
Viva Ronaldo Mobile Application, http://bit.ly/1vLH2wu.
- 10.
Tour de France Mobile Application, http://bit.ly/1c86zo0.
- 11.
Wywy, http://www.wywy.tv.
References
Anstead, E., et al.: Many-screen viewing: evaluating an olympics companion application. In: International Conference on Interactive Experiences for Television and Online Video, Newcastle. ACM Press, New York, p. 103, June 2014
Auslander, P.: Liveness: Performance in a Mediatized Culture. Routledge, London (2008)
Basapur, S., et al.: FANFEEDS: evaluation of socially generated information feed on second screen as a TV show companion. In: 10th European Conference on Interactive TV and Video, Berlin. ACM Press, New York City, p. 87, July 2012
Blanco, R., et al.: Towards leveraging closed captions for news retrieval. In: 22nd International World Wide Web Conference, Rio de Janeiro. Companion Publication, Rio de Janeiro, p. 135, May 2013
Buchinger, S.: A comprehensive view on user studies: survey and open issues for mobile TV. In: 7th European Conference on Interactive TV and Video, Leuven. ACM Press, New York City, p. 179, June 2009
Cardoso, B., et al.: CAAT: a discrete approach to emotion assessment. In: Extended Abstracts of Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference, Paris. ACM Press, New York City, p. 1047, April 2013
Centieiro, P., et al.: Applaud having fun: a mobile game to cheer your favourite sports team. In: 9th International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment, Kathmandu. Springer, Heidelberg, p. 1, Nov 2012
Centieiro, P., et al.: Enhancing remote live sports experiences through an eyes-free interaction. In: 15th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, Munich. ACM Press, New York City, p. 65, Aug 2013
Centieiro, P., et al.: Bet without looking: studying eyes-free interaction during live sports. In: 16th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Crete. Springer, Heidelberg, p. 581, June 2014
Centieiro, P., et al.: From the lab to the world: studying real-time second screen interaction with live sports. In: 11th International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment, Funchal. ACM Press, New York City, Article 14, Nov 2014
Centieiro, P., et al.: If you can feel it, you can share it! a system for sharing emotions during live sports broadcasts. In: 11th International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment, Funchal. ACM Press, New York City, Article 15, Nov 2014
Cesar, P., et al.: Fragment, tag, enrich, and send: enhancing social sharing of video. J. Trans. Multimedia Comput. 5(3), Article 19 (2009)
CNN: Lionel Messi inspires Barcelona to 4–3 win over Real Madrid in El Clasico. http://cnn.it/1AbEj0T (2009). Accessed 20 Feb 2015
Cooper, C.: Choke out? http://bit.ly/1HUYVQ4 (2013). Accessed 20 Feb 2015
FIFA: FIFA research. http://fifa.to/1oKi0wG. Accessed 20 Feb 2015
Film Victoria Australia: Television genre analysis. http://bit.ly/1CBHcwM (2010). Accessed 20 Feb 2015
Geerts, D., et al.: A comprehensive view on user studies: survey and open issues for mobile TV. In: 7th European Conference on Interactive TV and Video, Leuven. ACM Press, New York, p. 179, June 2009
Gordon, K.O.: The experiential aspects of sport stadiums: an examination of emotion and memory. Dissertation, Ohio State University. http://bit.ly/1zdInwM (2013). Accessed 20 Feb 2015
Holmes, M.E., et al.: Visual attention to television programs with a second-screen application. In: Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, Santa Barbara. ACM Press, New York City, p. 397, Mar 2012
LA Times: Gamer is royalty in South Korea. http://lat.ms/15NGUVc (2007). Accessed 20 Feb 2015
Lee, S.: Identifying emotions associated with professional sport team brands. Paper presented at North American Society for Sport Management, University of Texas, Austin, 28 May–1 June 2013
Mekuria, R., et al.: Digital TV: the effect of delay when watching football. In: 10th European Conference on Interactive TV and Video, Berlin. ACM Press, New York City, p. 71, July 2012
Murray, J.H., et al.: Story map: iPad companion for long form TV narratives. In: 10th European Conference on Interactive TV and Video, Berlin. ACM Press, New York City, p. 223, July 2012
Nandakumar, A., Murray, J.: Companion apps for long arc TV series: supporting new viewers in complex storyworlds with tightly synchronized context-sensitive annotations. In: ACM International Conference on Interactive Experiences for Television and Online Video, Newcastle. ACM Press, New York City, p. 3, June 2014
Nielsen: Action figures: how second screens are transforming TV viewing. http://bit.ly/1grK4R3 (2013). Accessed 20 Feb 2015
OnGamers: More than 70 million people watch eSports worldwide. http://bit.ly/QG614X (2014). Accessed 20 Feb 2015
Plutchik, R.: Emotion: Theory, Research, and Experience, vol. 1. Theories of Emotion. Academic Press, London (1980)
Schirra, S., et al.: Together alone: motivations for live tweeting a television series. In: Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference, Toronto. ACM Press, New York City, p. 2441, April 2014
Twitter: Olympic (and Twitter) records (2012). http://bit.ly/1yehUkf. Accessed 20 Feb 2015
Twitter: Celebrating #SB48 on Twitter. http://bit.ly/1cLZf5d (2014). Accessed 20 Feb 2015
Uhrich, S., Benkenstein, M.: Sport stadium atmosphere: formative and reflective indicators for operationalizing the construct. J. Sport Manage. 24(2), 211–237 (2010)
Wann, D.L.: Preliminary validation of the sport fan motivation scale. J. Sport Social Issues 19(4), 377–396 (1995)
Wann, D.L., et al.: Sport Fans: The Psychology and Social Impact of Spectators. Routledge, London (2001)
Wikipedia: Electronic sports titles by genre. http://bit.ly/1yehydv (2014). Accessed 20th Feb 2015
Acknowledgment
The authors thank everyone who participated in the user tests and helped to shape the different prototypes.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Centieiro, P., Romão, T., Eduardo Dias, A. (2015). Enhancing Remote Spectators’ Experience During Live Sports Broadcasts with Second Screen Applications. In: Nijholt, A. (eds) More Playful User Interfaces. Gaming Media and Social Effects. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-546-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-546-4_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-287-545-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-287-546-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)