Skip to main content

Children’s Citizenship

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Risk, Protection, Provision and Policy

Part of the book series: Geographies of Children and Young People ((GCYP,volume 12))

  • 766 Accesses

Abstract

In recent decades, there has been a shift toward children’s rights in research, public policy, and planning about children in cities, as expressed by the 1989 United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child and in subsequent child-centric research, policy, and programming such as the UNICEF “Child Friendly Cities” movement.

Mainstream urban planning practice, however, still largely ignores or excludes children from participating in decisions about (and even use of) the public realm in our cities. Even where child-friendly planning policy and practice do exist, it is often done without consulting children directly, and there remain pressing questions about the sustainability and efficacy of these isolated examples (see, e.g., Marr and Malone (2007) What about me? Children as co-researchers. University of Wollongong, Wollongong. Retrieved from http://www.aare.edu.au/07pap/mar07118.pdf. 20 June 2011).

This chapter addresses the question of children’s active citizenship in the city and how urban planning practitioners can creatively and effectively involve children in decisions about the city. Using an Australian case study, the Citizen Kid Planning Group (CKPG), the chapter explores people’s engagement with – and experience of – co-planning between children, urban planners, and other practitioners to improve the child-friendliness of two neighborhood plazas. The case study offers up the “DELVE” framework as a way for urban planners and others to reorient their practice to more effectively work with child citizens, support the development of their civic “voice,” and see that their contributions influence outcomes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bartlett, S., Hart, R., Satterwaite, D., de la Barra, X., & Missair, A. (1999). Cities for children: Children’s rights, poverty and urban management. London: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beunderman, J., Hannon, C., & Bradwell, P. (2007). Seen and heard: Reclaiming the public realm with children and young people. London: Play England & Demos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cele, S. (2006). Communicating place: Methods for understanding children’s experience of place. Stockholm: Stockholm University/Intellecta Docusys AB.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Newbury Park: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chawla, L., & Malone, K. (2003). Neighbourhood quality in children’s eyes. In P. Christensen & M. O’Brien (Eds.), Children in the city: Home and community (pp. 118–141). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, P., & O’Brien, M. (Eds.). (2003). Children in the city: Home and community. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, A., & Sarkissian, W. (2000). Who cares: Australian planners and ethics. In N. Preston & P. Bishop (Eds.), Local government, public enterprise and ethics (pp. 112–137). Annandale: Federation Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, A., Babb, C., Tranter, P., & Whitzman, C. (2011). Developing visual research tools to ‘do planning’ with children: A methodological review and case study. In State of Australian Cities Conference, 28 November–2 December 2011, Melbourne Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, J. (1910). How we think. Boston: D.C. Heath (Reprint 2012).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Driskell, D. (2002). Creating better cities with children and youth: A manual for participation. Paris: UNESCO Publishing and Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fincher, R., & Iveson, K. (2008). Planning and diversity in the city: Redistribution, recognition and encounter. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, F. (2003). Citizens, experts and the environment: The politics of local knowledge. London: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flyvbjerg, B. (1998). Rationality & power: Democracy in practice. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forester, J. (2009). Dealing with differences: Dramas of mediating public disputes. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fotel, T. (2007). Mobilities and children’s citizenship. In Proceedings of the CINEFOGO (Civil Society and New Forms of Governance in Europe) Midterm Conference: European Citizenship – Challenges and Possibilities. Roskilde University, Denmark, 1–3 June 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, C., & Aitken-Rose, E. (2005). Future shapers: Children, young people, and planning in New Zealand local government. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 23, 227–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, M., & Mathison, S. (2009). Researching children’s experiences. London: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, C., & Tranter, P. (2011). Children and their urban environments: Changing worlds. London: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, C., & Vass, E. (2010). Planning, maps, and children’s lives: A cautionary tale. Planning Theory and Practice, 11(1), 65–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freire, P. (1998). Pedagogy of freedom: Ethics, democracy and civic courage. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for people. Washington, DC: Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleeson, B., & Sipe, N. G. (2006). Reinstating kids in the city. In B. Gleeson & N. G. Sipe (Eds.), Creating child friendly cities: Reinstating kids in the city (pp. 1–10). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamdi, N. (2004). Small change: About the art of practice and the limits of planning in cities. London: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, R. A. (1997). Children’s participation: The theory and practice of involving young citizens in community development and environmental care. London: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, D. (2003). The right to the city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 27(4), 939–941.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, J. (2010). No place for children? Citizenship, public policy and the urban environment. Ph.D. thesis, The University of South Australia (School of Social Work and Social Policy).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayward, B. (2012). Children, citizenship and environment: Nurturing a democratic imagination in a changing world. London: Routledge/Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Healey, P. (2006). Collaborative planning: Shaping places in fragmented societies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoch, C. (1994). What planners do: Power, politics and persuasion. Chicago: American Planning Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holston, J. (2009). Dangerous spaces of citizenship: Gang talk, rights talk and rule of law in Brazil. Planning Theory, 8(1), 12–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kyttä, M. (2004). The extent of children’s independent mobility and the number of actualized affordances as criteria for child-friendly environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24, 179–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Landry, C. (2000). The creative city: A toolkit for urban innovators. London: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, H. (1991). The production of space (trans: Nicholson-Smith, D.). Malden: Blackwell Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lister, R. (2007). Why citizenship: Where, when and how children? Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 8(2), 693–718.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Louv, R. (2008). Last child in the woods: Saving our children from nature-deficit disorder (2nd ed.). Chapel Hill: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malone, K. (2006). United Nations: A key player in a global movement for child friendly cities. In B. Gleeson & N. G. Sipe (Eds.), Creating child friendly cities: Reinstating kids in the city (pp. 13–32). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marr, P., & Malone, K. (2007). What about me? Children as co-researchers. Wollongong: University of Wollongong. Retrieved from http://www.aare.edu.au/07pap/mar07118.pdf. 20 June 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, T. H. (1950). Citizenship and social class: And other essays. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, H. (2003). The street as a liminal space: The barbed spaces of childhood. In P. Christensen & M. O’Brien (Eds.), Children in the city: Home neighbourhood and community (pp. 101–117). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrow, V. (2003). Improving the neighbourhood for children: Possibilities and limitations of ‘social capital’ discourses. In P. Christensen & M. O’Brien (Eds.), Children in the city: Home neighbourhood and community (pp. 162–183). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nabhan, G. P., & Trimble, S. (1994). The geographies of childhood. Boston: Beacon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Percy-Smith, B., & Malone, K. (2001). Making children’s participation in neighbourhood settings relevant to the everyday lives of young people. Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) Notes, 42(Special edition: Children’s participation – evaluating effectiveness), 18–22. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/most/pla42_intro.htm. 15 July 2011.

  • Revi, B. (2014). T.H. Marshall and his critics: Reappraising ‘social citizenship’ in the twenty-first century. Citizenship Studies, 18(3–4), 452–464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sobel, D. (1998). Mapmaking with children: Sense of place education for the elementary years. Portsmouth: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tranter, P., & Sharpe, S. (2007). Children and peak oil: An opportunity in crisis. International Journal of Children’s Rights, 15(1), 181–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre. (2004). Building child friendly cities: A framework for action. Florence: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre. Retrieved from http://www.childfriendlycities.org/documents/view/id/66/lang/en. 22 July 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations (UN). (1989). Convention on the rights of the child. United Nations General Assembly resolution 44/25, 20 November 1989. Retrieved from http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/pdf/crc.pdf. 28 Oct 2010.

  • Valentine, G. (2004). Public space and the culture of childhood. Aldershot: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wall, J. (2012). Can democracy represent children? Toward a politics of difference. Childhood, 19(1), 86–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, C. (1990). The child in the city (2nd ed.). London: Bedford Square Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weller, S., & Bruegel, I. (2009). Children’s ‘place’ in the development of neighbourhood social capital. Urban Studies, 46(3), 629–643.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitzman, C., & Pike, L. (2007). From battery-reared to free range children: Institutional barriers and enablers to children’s independent mobility in Victoria, Australia. Melbourne: Australasian Centre for Governance and Management of Urban Transportation (GAMUT).

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitzman, C., Worthington, M., & Mizrachi, D. (2009). Walking the walk: Can child friendly cities promote children’s independent mobility? Institutional barriers and enablers to children’s independent mobility (2006–2009). Melbourne: Australasian Centre for the Governance and Management of Urban Transport (GAMUT).

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitzman, C., Worthington, M., & Mizrachi, D. (2010). The Journey and the destination matter: Child-friendly cities and children’s right to the city. (unpublished manuscript copy)

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodhead, M., & Faulkner, D. (2008). Subjects, objects or participants? In P. Christensen & A. James (Eds.), Research with children: Perspectives and practices (pp. 10–39). Oxon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, I. M. (1990). Justice and the politics of difference. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andrea Cook .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this entry

Cite this entry

Cook, A. (2017). Children’s Citizenship. In: Freeman, C., Tranter, P., Skelton, T. (eds) Risk, Protection, Provision and Policy. Geographies of Children and Young People, vol 12. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-035-3_19

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics