Skip to main content

Children Seeking Health Care: International Perspectives on Children's Use of Mobility to Obtain Health Services

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Movement, Mobilities, and Journeys

Part of the book series: Geographies of Children and Young People ((GCYP,volume 6))

Abstract

This chapter provides a contemporary overview of research on children and young people’s use of mobility to obtain health services. By conceptualizing mobility as a social practice, the chapter highlights the importance of understanding the subjective qualities of being mobile, manifested through the lived experiences of children (and their families) who need to seek medical services away from home. Using examples from Kenya, Ghana, the US, and Argentina, this chapter shows how concepts such as “micro-mobility” and “vulnerable mobility” can be used to understand the internal and everyday dynamics of children’s and young people’s health-seeking behaviors without disregarding the structural (often internationalized) forces that shape their movements. In this manner, child movement is acknowledged on a global scale yet rooted in local realities. The chapter ends with a short research agenda where future streams of multidisciplinary and applied work are proposed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agee, B., Funkhouser, E., Roseman, J., Fawal, H., Holmberg, S., & Vermund, S. (2006). Migration patterns following HIV diagnosis among adults residing in the nonurban Deep South. AIDS Care, 18(1), S51–S58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ansell, N. (2009). Childhood and the politics of scale: Descaling children’s geographies? Progress in Human Geography, 33(2), 190–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asiedu Owusu, S., & Amoako-Sakyi, R. O. (2011). Mobility and economic constraints as key barriers to children’s health seeking in Ghana. SBHA, 76(1), 91–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baerenholdt, J., Haldrup, M., Larsen, J., & Urry, J. (2004). Performing tourist places. Aldershot: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson, M. (2011). The movement beyond (lifestyle) migration: Mobile practices and the constitution of a better way of life. Mobilities, 6(2), 221–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhabha, J. (2009). Arendt’s children: Do today’s migrant children have a right to rights? Human Right Quarterly, 31(2), 410–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bluebond-Langer, M., & Korbin, J. E. (2007). Challenges and opportunities in the anthropology of childhoods: An introduction to “children, childhoods, and childhood studies”. American Anthropologist, 109(2), 241–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bose, N. (2011). Away alone: Unaccompanied children find shelter after fleeing Libya. UNHCR. http://www.unhcr.org/4e0099c79d.html. Accessed 20 May 2014.

  • Buscher, M. (2006). Vision in motion. Environment and Planning A, 38(2), 281–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buscher, M., & Urry, J. (2009). Mobile methods and the empirical. European Journal of Social Theory, 12(1), 99–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cham, M., Sundby, J., & Vangen, S. (2005). Maternal mortality in the rural Gambia, a qualitative study on access to emergency obstetric care. Reproductive Health, 2, 3. doi:10.1186/1742-4755-2-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chetail, V., & Bauloz, C. (2014). Research handbook on international law and migration. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Crom, D. (1995). The experience of South American mothers who have a child being treated for malignancy in the United States. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 12(3), 104–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Culley, L., Hudson, N., Baldwin, K., & Lakhanpaul, M. (2013). Children travelling for treatment: What we don’t know. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 98, 442–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, S., Curtis, S., Diez-Roux, A. V., & Macintyre, S. (2007). Understanding and representing ‘place’ in health research: A relational approach. Social Science & Medicine, 65, 1825–1838.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’ Andrea, A., Ciolfi, L., & Gray, B. (2011). Methodological challenges and innovations in mobilities research. Mobilities, 6(2), 149–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dobson, M. E. (2009). Unpacking children in migration research. Children’s Geographies, 7(3), 355–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Du Bois, W., & Wright, R. D. (2001). Applying sociology: Making a better world. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, M., & Muschkin, C. (1996). Migration of persons with AIDS- a search for support from elderly parents? Social Science and Medicine, 43(7), 1109–1118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elmore, K. (2006). The migratory experiences of people with HIV/AIDS (PWHA) in Wilmington, North Carolina. Health and Place, 12(4), 570–579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ensor, T., & Cooper, S. (2004). Overcoming barriers to health service access: Influencing the demand side. Health Policy and Planning, 19(2), 69–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ervin, A. E. (2005). Applied anthropology: Tools and perspectives for contemporary practice. Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fatusi, A., & Hindin, M. (2010). Adolescents and youth in developing countries: Health and development issues in context. Journal of Adolescence, 33, 499–508.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geissler, P. W., Nokes, K., Prince, R. J., Acieng’ Odhiambo, R., Aaagaard-Hansen, J., & Ouma, J. H. (2000). Children and medicines: Self-treatment of common illnesses among Luo schoolchildren in Western Kenya. Social Science and Medicine, 50(12), 1771–1783.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geissler, P. W., Meinert, L., Prince, R. J., Nokes, C., Aaagaard-Hansen, J., Jitta, J., et al. (2001). Self-treatment by Kenyan and Ugandan schoolchildren and the need for school-based education. Health Policy and Planning, 16(4), 362–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez, A., & Minuto, D. (2006). Una aproximacion metodologica al estudio de lugares con movilidad vulnerable. Geografando-Revista do Laboratorio de Cartografia e Estudos Ambientais, Pelotas, 1(2), 9–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez, A. (2008). Geografia, transporte y movilidad. Espacios, 37, 100–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez, A. (2012). Que es la movilidad? Elementos para reconstruir las definiciones basicas del campo del transporte. Bitacora, 21(2), 61–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hampshire, K. R., Porter, G., Asiedu Owusu, S., Tanle, A., & Abane, A. (2011). Out of the reach of children? Young people’s health-seeking practices and agency in Africa’s newly-emerging therapeutic landscapes. Social Science and Medicine, 73, 702–710.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirshfeld, L. A. (2002). Why don’t anthropologists like children? American Anthropologist, 104(2), 611–627.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • James, A. (2007). Giving voice to children’s voices: Practices and problems, pitfalls and potentials. American Anthropologist, 109(2), 261–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, G. A., Pfister, A. E., & Vindrola-Padros, C. (2012). Drawings, photos, and performances: Using visual methods with children. Visual Anthropology Review, 28(2), 165–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, G. A., & Vindrola-Padros, C. (2014). ‘It’s for the best’: Child movement in search of health in Njabini, Kenya. Children’s Geographies, 12(2), 219–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kagan, M. (2011). Shared responsibility in a new Egypt: A strategy for refugee protection. School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, Center for Migration and Refugee Studies. The American University in Cairo. http://www.aucegypt.edu/GAPP/cmrs/reports/Documents/KaganRefugeePolicyEgypt1109.pdf. Accessed 20 May 2014.

  • Kangas, B. (2010). The burden of pursuing treatment abroad: Three stories of medical travelers from Yemen. Global Soc Pol, 10(3), 306–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kangas, B. (2011). Complicating common ideas about medical tourism: Gender, class, and globality in Yemeni’s international medical travel. Signs, 36(2), 327–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, V. (2011). Rethinking the city: Urban dynamics and motility. Oxford, UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kedia, S., & Van Willigen, J. (2005). Applied anthropology: Domains of application. Westport: Greenwood Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenyon, S. (2006). Reshaping patterns of mobility and exclusion? The impact of virtual mobility upon accessibility, mobility and social exclusion. In M. Sheller & J. Urry (Eds.), Mobile technologies of the city. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knodel, J., Watkins, S., & VanLandingham, M. (2003). AIDS and older persons: An international perspective. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 33(S2), S153–S165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knodel, J., & Van Landingham, M. (2003). Return migration in the context of parental assistance in the AIDS Epidemic: The Thai experience. Social Science and Medicine, 57(2), 327–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lancy, D. F. (2009). The anthropology of childhood: Cherubs, chattel, changelings. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurier, E., et al. (2008). Driving and “passengering”: Notes on the ordinary organization of car travel. Mobilities, 3, 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lieb, S., Trepka, M. J., Liberti, T., Cohen, L., & Romero, J. (2006). HIV/AIDS patients who move to urban Florida counties following a diagnosis of HIV: Predictors and implications for HIV prevention. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 83(6), 1158–1167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lombrail, P. (1999). À propos de liens entre santé et migration. Sciences Sociales et Santé, 17(4), 37–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • London, A. S., Wilmoth, J., & Fleishman, J. (2004). Moving for care: Findings from the US HIV cost and services utilization study. AIDS Care, 16(7), 858–875.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Low, S., & Merry, S. E. (2010). Engaged anthropology: Diversity and dilemmas. Current Anthropology, 51(S2), S203–S226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Margolis, R., Ludi, E., & Wiener, L. (2013). International adaptation: Psychosocial and parenting experiences of caregivers who travel to the United States to obtain acute medical care for their seriously ill child. Social Work in Health Care, 52, 669–683.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Massimo, L. M., Wiley, T. J., & Caprino, D. (2008). Health emigration: A challenge in paediatric oncology. Journal of Child Health Care, 12(2), 106–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meinert, L. (2004). Resources for health in Uganda: Bourdieu’s concepts of capital and habitus. Anthropology and Medicine, 11(1), 11–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merriman, P. (2013). Rethinking mobile methods. Mobilities, 9(2), 167–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molesworth, K. (2006). Mobility and health: The impact of transport provision on direct and indirect determinants of access to health services. International Forum for Rural Transport and Development. http://ifrtd.gn.apc.org/new/proj/mob_health.php. Accessed 25 May 2014.

  • Monette, D., Sullivan, T., DeJong, C., & Hilton, T. P. (2013). Applied social research: A tool for the human services. Belmont: Cengage Learning.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, M. (2011). Walking again lively: Towards an ambulant and conversive methodology of performance and research. Mobilities, 6(2), 183–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • OHCHR, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (1990). Convention on the Rights of the Child: Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989 entry into force 2 September 1990, in accordance with article 49. http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx. Accessed 20 May 2014.

  • Pain, R. (2003). Social geography: On action-orientated research. Progress in Human Geography, 27(5), 649–657.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfister, A. E., Vindrola-Padros, C., & Johnson, G. A. (2014). Together, we can show you: Using participant-generated visual data in collaborative research. Collaborative Anthropology, 7(1), 002C (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Poland, B., Lehoux, P., Holmes, D., & Andrews, G. (2005). How place matters: Unpacking technology and power in health and social care. Health and Social Care in the Community, 13(2), 170–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, G. (2007). Transport, (im)mobility and spatial poverty traps: Issues for rural women and girl children in sub-Saharan Africa. Paper presented at the Understanding and addressing spatial poverty traps: An international workshop, Spier Estate, Stellenbosch, South Africa. http://www.odi.org.uk/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/3536.pdf

  • Porter, G., & Abane, A. (2008). Increasing children’s participation in African transport planning: Reflections on methodological issues in a child-centred research project. Children’s Geographies, 6(2), 151–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, G., & Hampshire, K. (2010). A moving issue: Children and young people’s transport and mobility constraints in Africa. IFRTD Forum News, 15(1), 1–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prince, R. J., Geissler, P. W., Nokes, K., Maende, J. O., Okatcha, F., Gringorenko, E., et al. (2001). Knowledge of herbal and pharmaceutical medicines among Luo children in Kenya. Anthropology and Medicine, 8(2–3), 211–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ROHA (Registro Oncopediatrico Hospitalario Argentino). (2008). Resultados 2000–2008. Buenos Aires: ROHA, Fundacion Kaleidos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senior, K. (2006). Health migration and childhood cancer. The Lancet, 7, 889.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smedley, B. D., Stith, A. Y., & Nelson, A. R. (2003). Unequal treatment: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. J., & Easterlow, D. (2004). The strange geography of health inequalities. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 30, 173–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. J., Easterlow, D., Munro, M., & Turner, K. M. (2003). Housing as health capital: How health trajectories and housing paths are linked. Journal of Social Issues, 59, 501–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, H. (2011). Affective journeys: The emotional structuring of medical tourism in India. Anthropology and Medicine, 18(1), 105–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song, P. (2010). Biotech pilgrims and the transnational quest for stem cell cures. Medical Anthropology, 29(4), 384–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soyinka, W. (2005). Climate of fear: The quest for dignity in a Dehumanized World. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spinney, J. (2011). A chance to catch a breath: Using mobile video ethnography in cycling research. Mobilities, 6(2), 161–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suchman, L. (2007). Human-machine reconfigurations: Plans and situated action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tatum, P., & Schoech, D. (1992). Migration of persons with HIV disease: The search for care. AIDS & Public Policy Journal, 7(1), 56–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, L. (2013). Protection of migrants’ rights and state sovereignty. UN Chronicle, The Magazine of the United Nations, L(3). http://unchronicle.un.org/article/protection-migrants-rights-and-state-sovereignty/. Accessed 25 May 2014.

  • UNGMD, United Nations Global Migration Database. (2008). International migration. New York: UN Department of Economics and Social Affairs, Population Division. http://esa.un.org/unmigration/. Accessed 24 May 2014.

  • UNHCR, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2014). Children on the run: Unaccompanied children leaving Central America and Mexico and the need for international protection. A Study Conducted by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Regional Office for the United States and the Caribbean, Washington, DC. http://www.unhcrwashington.org/sites/default/files/UAC_Children%20on%20the%20Run_Full%20Report_May2014.pdf. Accessed 20 May 2014.

  • UNICEF, United Nations Children’s Fund. (2010). Children, adolescents and migration: Filling the evidence gap. New York: UNICEF Division of Policy and Practice, United Nations Population Division/DESA, UNDP Special Unit for South-South Cooperation and the University of Houston. http://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/files/UNICEF_Data_on_migrant_children_and_adolescents_Handout_version_Update_June_2010.pdf. Accessed 24 May 2014.

  • UN Treaty Collection. (2014). Chapter IV human rights: Convention on the Rights of the Child. https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4&lang=en. Accessed 20 May 2014.

  • Urry, J. (2002). Mobility and proximity. Sociology, 36(2), 255–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Geest, S., & Finkler, K. (2004). Hospital ethnography: Introduction. Social Science and Medicine, 59, 1995–2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vergunst, J. (2011). Technology and technique in a useful ethnography of movement. Mobilities, 6(2), 203–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vindrola-Padros, C. (2011). Life and death journeys: Medical travel, cancer, and children in Argentina. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vindrola-Padros, C. (2012). The everyday lives of children with cancer in Argentina: Going beyond the disease and treatment. Children and Society, 26(6), 430–442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vindrola-Padros, C., & Whiteford, L. (2012). The search for medical technologies abroad: The case of medical travel and pediatric oncology treatment in Argentina. Technology and Innovation, 14, 25–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, E., Yip, B., Gataric, N., Montaner, J., O’Shaughnessy, M., Schechter, M., et al. (2000). Determinants of geographic mobility among participants in a population-based HIV/AIDS drug treatment program. Health and Place, 6(1), 33–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zelizer, V. A. (1985). Pricing the priceless child: The changing social value of children. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cecilia Vindrola-Padros .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this entry

Cite this entry

Vindrola-Padros, C., Johnson, G.A. (2017). Children Seeking Health Care: International Perspectives on Children's Use of Mobility to Obtain Health Services. In: Ni Laoire, C., White, A., Skelton, T. (eds) Movement, Mobilities, and Journeys. Geographies of Children and Young People, vol 6. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-029-2_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics