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Lattice QCD and Baryon-Baryon Interactions

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Handbook of Nuclear Physics

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Abstract

In this chapter, the current status on baryon-baryon interactions such as nuclear forces in lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is reviewed. In studies of baryon-baryon interactions in lattice QCD, the most reliable method so far is the potential method, proposed by the Hadrons to Atomic nuclei from Lattice QCD (HAL QCD) collaboration, whose formulation, properties, and extensions are explained in detail. Using the HAL QCD potential method, potentials between nucleons (proton and neutron, denoted by N) in the derivative expansion have been extracted in various cases. The lattice QCD results shown in this chapter include a leading order (LO) central potential in the parity-even NN(1S0) channel, LO central and tensor potentials in the parity-even NN(3S1-3D1) channel, and a next-to-leading order (NLO) spin-orbit potential as well as LO potentials in the parity-odd channels. Preliminary results at the almost physical pion and kaon masses, in addition to exploratory studies on three-nucleon potentials, are presented. Interactions between generic baryons including hyperons, made of one or more strange quarks as well as up and down quarks, have also been investigated. Universal properties of potentials between baryons become manifest in the flavor SU(3) symmetric limit, where masses of three quarks, up, down, and strange, are all equal. In particular, it is observed that one bound state, traditionally called the H-dibaryon, appears in the flavor singlet representation of SU(3). A fate of the H dibaryon is also discussed with flavor SU(3) breaking taken into account at the almost physical point. Finally, various kinds of dibaryons, bound or resonate states of two baryons, including charmed dibaryons, have been predicted by lattice QCD simulations at the almost physical point.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported in part by the Grant-in-Aid of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Sciences and Technology, Sports and Culture (MEXT) for Scientific Research (Nos. JP18H05236, JP18H05407, JP19K03879, JP22H00129), by a priority issue (Elucidation of the fundamental laws and evolution of the universe) to be tackled by using Post “K” Computer, by “Program for Promoting Researches on the Supercomputer Fugaku” (Simulation for basic science: from fundamental laws of particles to creation of nuclei), and by Joint Institute for Computational Fundamental Science (JICFuS). The authors thank members of the HAL QCD Collaboration for providing lattice QCD results and for fruitful collaborations based on which this paper is prepared. Figures 1 and 2 are taken from Ishii (2013), under the term of Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Figure 3 is taken from Doi et al. (2018), under the term of Creative Commons (CC BY 4.0). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Figures 4 and 5 are taken from Murano et al. (2014), under the term of Creative Commons (CC BY 3.0). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/. Figures 7 and 8 are reprinted from Inoue et al. (2012), and Figures 9 and 10 are reprinted from Sasaki et al. (2020), with permission from Elsevier. Figure 14 is taken from Iritani et al. (2019), under the term of Creative Commons (CC BY 4.0). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Gravitational Physics and Quantum Information, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Sinya Aoki

  2. Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS), RIKEN, Wako, Japan

    Takumi Doi

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  1. Sinya Aoki
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  2. Takumi Doi
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Correspondence to Sinya Aoki .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan

    Isao Tanihata

  2. Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Beijing, Japan

    Hiroshi Toki

  3. Beihang University, Haidian, Beijing, China

    Toshitaka Kajino

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Aoki, S., Doi, T. (2023). Lattice QCD and Baryon-Baryon Interactions. In: Tanihata, I., Toki, H., Kajino, T. (eds) Handbook of Nuclear Physics . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6345-2_50

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