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Protandry in Fishes

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Hermaphroditism and Mating Systems in Fish

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Abstract

Protandry (male-to-female sex change) is known in 62 fish species among various higher taxa that are not closely related to each other phylogenetically. The size-advantage model predicts that protandry is favored under random mating. The mating systems of protandrous fishes have been reported only in the following species: 10 species of anemonefish (Amphiprion; Pomacentridae) are monogamous, with females larger than their partners, but it is suggested that pairing occurred randomly in gonochoristic ancestors; in three species of flatheads (Platycephalidae), mating occurs randomly, with individuals changing their partners after each spawning; in the seabream Sparus aurata (Sparidae), a female spawns with one of several males in a spawning aggregation, which is considered random mating as there seems to be no competition between the males. These cases suggest that protandry will evolve if pairing occurs randomly regardless of pair continuity. Partial protandry, in which protandrous and gonochoristic individuals coexist, is reported for 28 of these species. Gonochorism is predicted to evolve in the case of mating with equal reproductive success of females and males at each size according to the size-advantage model. Fishes exhibiting partial protandry are suggested to have the opportunity to spawn either by random mating or by the above mating.

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Acknowledgments

I thank Tatsuru Kadota, Tetsuo Kuwamura, Yoichi Sakai, and Kota Sawada for helpful comments to improve the manuscript. I also thank Edanz (https://jp.edanz.com/user) for the English language review.

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  1. Laboratory of Fish Behavioral Ecology, Tateyama Station, Field Science Center, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan

    Tomoki Sunobe

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  1. Institute for Research in Social Science, Advanced Collaborative Research Organization, Chukyo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan

    Tetsuo Kuwamura

  2. Oceanic Resources Group, Highly Migratory Resources Division, Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

    Kota Sawada

  3. Tateyama station, Field Science Center, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tateyama, Chiba, Japan

    Tomoki Sunobe

  4. Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan

    Yoichi Sakai

  5. Nagasaki Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nagasaki, Japan

    Tatsuru Kadota

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© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Sunobe, T. (2023). Protandry in Fishes. In: Kuwamura, T., Sawada, K., Sunobe, T., Sakai, Y., Kadota, T. (eds) Hermaphroditism and Mating Systems in Fish. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6095-6_3

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