Abstract
Global population growth and economic development increase energy consumption (primarily from fossil fuels) as well as waste generation. Energy resource depletion is unavoidable, and when it occurs, biofuels may be the ones to meet society’s energy demand in the future. According to the World Energy Council, global waste generation is estimated to double by 2025 to more than 6 million tonnes of waste per day (this waste is composed of a large number of biomass materials). The management of this waste is one of the major challenges facing society for the construction of green circular societies, and for this, the use of waste and its transformation into bioenergy is fundamental. Biogas presents itself as a clear ally for the transformation of economies, obtaining environmental, social, economic and safety of supply benefits. Biogas is a fuel gas (consisting mainly of CH4 and CO2) that is generated by biodegradation reactions of the organic matter, through the action of microorganisms. This process is called anaerobic digestion (AD). Currently, AD is largely applied in the agro-industrial sector for its ability to stabilize organic matter by recovering biogas, hence renewable energy, and organic fertilizer from the digestate. In the present chapter, we will define the concept of biorefinery applied to Two-Phase Olive Mill Waste (TPOMW) to demonstrate that it is a technically feasible and economically viable project in itself. In this case, there is another added environmental advantage: the joint industrial complex enters fully into the concept of Green and Circular Economy, thus closing the cycle of organic matter and applying the paradigm: “from waste to resource”.
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Abbreviations
- AD:
-
Anaerobic Digestion
- BOD5:
-
Biological Oxygen Demand
- COD:
-
Chemical Oxygen Demand
- EI:
-
Equivalent Inhabitants
- HRT:
-
Hydraulic Retention Time
- IRR:
-
Internal Rate of Return
- NPV:
-
Net Present Value
- PRI:
-
Period of Return on Investment
- TPOMW:
-
Two-Phase Olive Mill Wastewater
- OMWW:
-
Olive Mill Wastewater
- OWP:
-
Olive Mill Wastewater without Polyphenols
- SS:
-
Suspended Solids
- TS:
-
Total Solids
- VFAs:
-
Volatile Fatty Acids
- VDS:
-
Volatile Dissolved Solids
- VSS:
-
Volatile Solids in Suspension
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the Junta de Extremadura and the European Social Fund for the financial support received through the aid destined to the training of predoctoral personnel PD18050 (Consolación Sánchez-Sánchez), and the European Union (FEDER funds) through the project with Ref.: GR21012.
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Sánchez Sánchez, C., Cuadros Blázquez, F., González González, A., Cuadros Salcedo, F. (2022). Biofuel in Constructing Green Circular Societies: Circular Biorefinery of TPOMW. In: Bandh, S.A., Malla, F.A. (eds) Biofuels in Circular Economy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5837-3_7
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