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Trichomics: Trichomes as Natural Chemical Factories

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Phytochemical Genomics

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Abstract

Trichomes are unicellular or multicellular epidermal extensions on the aerial parts of the plants. They provide protection against various environmental and biotic stresses like UV radiation, pathogen attack, and herbivory. However, the most significant role of trichomes is their ability to produce and accumulate large quantities of diverse plant metabolites. The remarkable bioproductivity of trichomes marks them as ‘natural chemical factories’ which are known to produce all groups of plant secondary metabolites (phytochemicals) like terpenoids, phenolics, methyl ketones O-acyl sugars, and defensive proteins. All these metabolites are of enormous significance not just for plant growth but also for humans as they find application in therapeutics, food, and cosmetic industries. In the wake of high demand of these metabolites, the research on trichomes has accelerated and the ‘omics exploration’ has facilitated the study of trichomes in diverse plant species which was otherwise restricted to few model plants. But the knowledge about transcriptional control and metabolic network underlying the high productivity of trichomes, development of trichomes, and their diversity is still in its infancy stage. These research gaps need to be addressed so that production machinery of trichomes can be tailored to favor the plant growth and also for the production of industrially important phytochemicals. The better understanding of these processes will also aid in mimicking the pathway in simple organisms like yeast for the production of these valuable phytochemicals. The present chapter provides up-to-date information on the role of trichomes as natural cell factories. It summarizes the current status of research made in this field and also highlights the unexploited areas of trichome research. The involvement of high-throughput techniques in the field is also discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

    Rakhi Dhankhar, Karuna Regmi, Anubhuti Kawatra & Pooja Gulati

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  1. Rakhi Dhankhar
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  2. Karuna Regmi
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  3. Anubhuti Kawatra
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  4. Pooja Gulati
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Correspondence to Pooja Gulati .

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, East West First Grade College of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Mallappa Kumara Swamy

  2. Department of Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India

    Ajay Kumar

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Dhankhar, R., Regmi, K., Kawatra, A., Gulati, P. (2022). Trichomics: Trichomes as Natural Chemical Factories. In: Swamy, M.K., Kumar, A. (eds) Phytochemical Genomics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5779-6_15

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