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Application of Latent Heat Storage Materials in the Storage Tank of the SWH System

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Advancements in Nanotechnology for Energy and Environment

Part of the book series: Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology ((ASST))

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Abstract

The demand for hot water in the domestic sector is increased rapidly in a few decades around the globe. As well the adverse effects of global warming due to the exploration of conventional coal-based technology are faced everywhere in this period. The technology of solar water heating (SWH) is the proven method for heating water from solar radiation for curbing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. But solar radiations are available in intermittent nature, so there is a need for the accumulation of solar energy in latent heat form in the storage tank of the SWH system. Many studies have revealed that storing latent heat, the phase change materials (PCMs) are the utmost eligible materials. It has been observed that PCMs are capable to improve the thermal efficiency as well as reducing the existing storage tank size of the SWH systems. Generally, it is found that the eligible PCMs are capable to store an appreciable amount of energy for more than 1500 thermal cycles without making corrosion for encapsulated container material. Even the biggest challenge for the commercialization of encapsulated PCMs in the storage tank is its associated cost. This study will provide a review of the benefits of applications of PCMs for the SWH storage tanks along with the potential eligible materials of PCMs.

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Abbreviations

SWH:

Solar water heating

PCM:

Phase change material

GHG:

Greenhouse gas

Q:

Amount of heat stored (J)

m:

Mass of PCM (kg)

Cp:

Specific heat of PCM (J/kg K)

Ti:

Initial temperature of PCM (℃)

Tf:

Final temperature of PCM (℃)

\({T}_{c}\) :

Inlet cold water temperature (℃)

\({T}_{\max}\) :

Maximum temperature of water without PCM (℃)

\({t}_{w}\) :

Time for storage of hot water in the storage tank without PCM (s)

\({c}_{P,PCM-s}\) :

Specific heat in solid-state of PCM (kJ/kg K)

\({Q}_{L}\) :

Latent heat of PCM storage tank (kJ)

\(\Delta {T}_{1}\) :

Temperature difference between the maximum hot water and melting temperature of PCM (K)

Tm:

Melting temperature of PCM (℃)

Csp:

Specific heat of PCM in the solid phase (J/kg K)

Clp:

Specific heat of PCM in the liquid phase (J/kg K)

am:

Fraction melted

\(\Delta\) hm:

Latent heat of fusion (J/kg)

\({\dot{m}}_{w}\) :

Mass flow rate of water (kg/s)

\({\dot{m}}_{w}\) :

Mass flow rate of water (kg/s)

\({c}_{p,w}\) :

Specific heat of water (kJ/kg K)

\({c}_{p,w}\) :

Specific heat of water (kJ/kg K)

\({T}_{h}\) :

Hot water temperature (℃)

\({m}_{w}\) :

Water mass in the heat storage tank without PCM (kg)

\({T}_{mean}\) :

Mean temperature of water without PCM (℃)

\({c}_{P,PCM-L}\) :

Specific heat in the liquid state of PCM (kJ/kg K)

\({Q}_{S}\) :

Sensible heat of PCM storage tank (kJ)

\({Q}_{PCM}\) :

Total heat for the PCM storage tank (kJ)

\(\Delta {T}_{2}\) :

Temperature difference between the hot water taken and melting temperature of PCM (K)

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Acknowledgements

This research work is supported by the Indo-Australian joint project entitled “Thermal Energy Storage for Food/Grain Drying with CST/RE to Lower Pollution”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Non-Conventional Energy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Amethi, India

    Shailendra Singh, Abhishek Anand, Amritanshu Shukla & Atul Sharma

  2. Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India

    Amritanshu Shukla

  3. UIT, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India

    D. Buddhi

  4. Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia

    F. Bruno

Authors
  1. Shailendra Singh
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  2. Abhishek Anand
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  3. Amritanshu Shukla
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  4. D. Buddhi
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  5. F. Bruno
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  6. Atul Sharma
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Atul Sharma .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand, India

    Dharmendra Tripathi

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India

    Ravi Kumar Sharma

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey

    Hakan F. Öztop

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Singh, S., Anand, A., Shukla, A., Buddhi, D., Bruno, F., Sharma, A. (2022). Application of Latent Heat Storage Materials in the Storage Tank of the SWH System. In: Tripathi, D., Sharma, R.K., Öztop, H.F. (eds) Advancements in Nanotechnology for Energy and Environment. Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5201-2_5

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