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Ecological Significance of Throughfall and Stemflow to the Carbon Cycle in Forest Ecosystems

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River Basin Environment: Evaluation, Management and Conservation

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Abstract

Rainfall enriches the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) after passing through the tree canopy. DOC is exported down stems as stemflow and through leaves, branches, and gaps as throughfall. In this paper, we synthesized the trends and factors that affect the DOC concentrations and fluxes of throughfall and stemflow in a cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest (TDF) and a warm-temperate/subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest (SEF), and reviewed the literature for various forests in different climatic zones around the world. The DOC concentrations were higher in stemflow (6–332 mg C L−1) than in throughfall (5–29 mg C L−1). The throughfall and stemflow DOC fluxes reported from natural forests in different climate zones range from 1.9 to 48 and 0.01 to 8 g C m−2 year−1, respectively. The controls on throughfall and stemflow DOC concentrations are diverse, including rainfall characteristics, tree morphology, canopy phenology, and preceding atmospheric deposition. DOC fluxes in the forest carbon cycle act as a pathway, with water being essential to the carbon input of mineral soil. Studies of the fate of DOC in forest ecosystems may provide direct verification of soil C sequestration. Additional research is required to understand the significance of stemflow and throughfall DOC to forest C cycling.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank the Gifu forest administration for giving us access to the Mt. Kinka site and Takayama Field Station for supporting the field surveys. We are grateful to the supports for field surveys from the members of Ohtsuka Lab. We thank Prof. Fusheng Li, River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, for providing TOC analyzer and suggestions of DOC method. We would like to thank Enago for the English language review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental and Life Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China

    Siyu Chen

  2. River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan

    Ruoming Cao & Toshiyuki Ohtsuka

  3. School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi‘an, China

    Ruoming Cao

  4. Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

    Shinpei Yoshitake

  5. School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Japan

    Yasuo Iimura

Authors
  1. Siyu Chen
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  2. Ruoming Cao
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  3. Shinpei Yoshitake
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  4. Yasuo Iimura
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  5. Toshiyuki Ohtsuka
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Correspondence to Toshiyuki Ohtsuka .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan

    Fusheng Li

  2. River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan

    Yoshio Awaya

  3. River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan

    Koji Kageyama

  4. River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan

    Yongfen Wei

Appendix Tables

Appendix Tables

Table 2.3 Annual volume-weighted mean concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in throughfall (TF) and stemflow (SF) in various forest ecosystems across climate zones
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Table 2.4 Annual mean dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes of throughfall (TF) and stemflow (SF) in various forest ecosystems across climate zones
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Chen, S., Cao, R., Yoshitake, S., Iimura, Y., Ohtsuka, T. (2022). Ecological Significance of Throughfall and Stemflow to the Carbon Cycle in Forest Ecosystems. In: Li, F., Awaya, Y., Kageyama, K., Wei, Y. (eds) River Basin Environment: Evaluation, Management and Conservation. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4070-5_2

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