Abstract
Over 70% of human immune system resides in the gut, yet, these gut microbiomes not only regulate intestinal immune system but also influence the systemic immune responses. The role of gut microbiota in health and disease could be better understood with a system-level framework of intricate microbe–microbe and host–microbe chemical crosstalks. Probiotics have been proved to provide species-, strain-, and population-specific health benefits to the host while administered in sufficient doses along with the prebiotics. The synergistic effect of probiotic-prebiotic mixtures maintains gut homeostasis by utilizing prebiotics as a substrate for fermentation. Gut microbiome–host interaction augments by activating cellular and humoral immunomodulation at gastrointestinal digestive system, inflammatory diseases, immune system, nervous system, cardiovascular system, and urinary system. This chapter aimed to review the interactions between probiotics and enteric microbes in the host as well as the various mechanisms used by probiotics to inhibit colonization of intestinal pathogens. Further, the chapter emphasizes on the interactions between gut microbiome and central nervous system to enrich immunity for combating malnutrition and COVID-19. Evidence-based investigations show proven applications on gut microbiome through faecal microbiome transplantation and next-generation probiotics that targets specific health diseases were highlighted.
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the Department of Science and Technology (DST) of the Government of India for funding the research under the DST-WOS-B (Women Scientist Scheme-B category) [SR/WOS-B/282/2016(G)]. The authors thank the Department of Life Science and Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering of National Institute of Technology Rourkela for extending the required research facilities. The authors express their sincere thanks to the (late) Dr. R. Jayabalan for his support and guidance.
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Karthika Parvathy, K.R., Mallick, B., Unpaprom, Y., Maniam, G.P., Govindan, N., Balasubramanian, P. (2022). Microbe–Host Metabolic Interaction: Probiotic Approach. In: Suar, M., Misra, N., Dash, C. (eds) Microbial Engineering for Therapeutics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3979-2_9
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