Abstract
To explore the kinematics and injury response of the rider’s head after the collision with the vehicle, and to determine the test and evaluation boundary for its protection. An accident involving an e-bike was reconstructed based on an automatic operation framework, then the reliability of the reconstruction model was verified from comparisons of rider’s kinematics, the rest position of three participants, and injury with accident information. Furthermore, a total of 1296 parametric cases were performed by the automatic operation framework, which was based on the validated model with a full factorial experimental design according to the collision boundary such as velocity, position, and angle from accidents. Finally, a data set with 1005 valid cases were used to discuss the distribution patterns of the head’s kinematics and injury response when colliding with the vehicle such as initial impacting time, linear and angular velocity, WAD, and also for head injury criteria (HIC15). The results show that WAD is positively correlated with the size of the rider and vehicle speed. All head contact points on the vehicle are located before WAD2100, and WAD1100–1600 should be considered significant for riders’ protection. 92% of the head impacting linear velocity are lower than 50 km/ h,78% is less than 40 km/h. Head collision angle of 50–70° accounts for 62%, and the average angle of 5th,50th,95th are 57°, 61°, 62° respectively. Head subsystem impactor, within test area of WAD1000–2100 and with impacting velocity of 40 km/h and angle of 65° in current pedestrian protection regulation, seems to be applicable to the boundary of test and evaluation for SUV to e-bike riders. 82% of cases with head initial collision time are less than 140ms, and head injuries of e-bike riders mainly come from ground collisions. As a preliminary exploration, distribution patterns of rider’s kinematics and injury response in this article will provide data and theoretical support for formulation and revision of evaluation regulations and also for the development of safety performance when considering e-bike rider’s protection.
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Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank Fang Wang (Changsha University of Technology) and Fan Li (Hunan University) for their patient guidance and discussion about the logic and methodology of this paper, as well as the Automotive safety Technology Center in CAERI for accident data collection. This work is supported by the project “China Mobile Traffic Accident Scenario (CTAS)” (CPYF202004-GA-001), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51621004), Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2020JJ4184).
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Liu, Y., Wan, X., Xu, W., Shi, L., Bai, Z. (2023). Parametric Study on SUV-e-Bike Collision for Safety Test & Evaluation Regulations. In: Proceedings of China SAE Congress 2021: Selected Papers. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 818. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3842-9_91
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