Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): Clinical Features and Therapeutic Targets

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Animal Models and its Uses in Cancer Research

  • 731 Accesses

Abstract

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is one of the main antagonistic and dangerous subtypes of breast cancer, well-known for the deficiency of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2). It has a poor diagnosis when judged against further subtypes of breast cancer. The lack of a logical classification scheme for TNBC impacts both existing and new therapy options. TNBC remains an unmet clinical challenge due to its aggressiveness and the lack of targeted treatments. It has ductal histology, a high rate of propagation, and mitotic activity. Chemotherapy is considered more sensitive for TNBC. It is connected with an advanced hazard of distant revival, a higher rate of visceral and central nerve metastases, a shorter time to recurrence, and a worse prognosis after reappearance than hormone receptor-positive subtypes, indicating a more aggressive clinical course. This chapter provided an overview of pathogenesis, clinical features, and pathways associated with TNBC. This chapter highlights current TNBC therapy options, both standard and experimental.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 599.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 599.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Reference

  • Ambrosone CB, Higgins MJ (2021) Relationships between breastfeeding and breast cancer subtypes: lessons learned from studies in humans and in mice. Cancer Res 80(22):4871–4877

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amirikia KC, Mills P, Bush J, Newman LA (2011) Higher population-based incidence rates of triple-negative breast cancer among young African-American women: implications for breast cancer screening recommendations. Cancer 117(12):2747–2753

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andreopoulou E, Kelly CM, McDaid HM (2017) Therapeutic advances and new directions for triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Care (Basel) 12(1):21–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anstey EH, Shoemaker ML, Barrera CM, O’Neil ME, Verma AB, Holman DM (2017) Breastfeeding and breast cancer risk reduction: implications for black mothers. Am J Prev Med 53(3S1):S40–S46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arroyo-Crespo JJ, Armiñán A, Charbonnier D, Deladriere C, Palomino-Schätzlein M, Lamas-Domingo R, Forteza J, Pineda-Lucena A, Vicent MJ (2019) Characterization of triple-negative breast cancer preclinical models provides functional evidence of metastatic progression. Int J Cancer 145(8):2267–2281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Attalla S, Taifour T, Bui T, Muller W (2021) Insights from transgenic mouse models of PyMT-induced breast cancer: recapitulating human breast cancer progression in vivo. Oncogene 40(3):475–491

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berrada N, Delaloge S, Andre F (2010) Treatment of triple-negative metastatic breast cancer: toward individualized targeted treatments or chemosensitization? Ann Oncol 21 Suppl 7:vii30-5

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyle P (2012) Triple-negative breast cancer: epidemiological considerations and recommendations. Ann Oncol 23 Suppl 6:vi7-12

    Google Scholar 

  • Carey LA, Perou CM, Livasy CA, Dressler LG, Cowan D, Conway K, Karaca G, Troester MA, Tse CK, Edmiston S, Deming SL, Geradts J, Cheang MC, Nielsen TO, Moorman PG, Earp HS, Millikan RC (2006) Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina breast cancer study. JAMA 295(21):2492–2502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cossu-Rocca P, Orrù S, Muroni MR, Sanges F, Sotgiu G, Ena S, Pira G, Murgia L, Manca A, Uras MG, Sarobba MG, Urru S, De Miglio MR (2015) Analysis of PIK3CA mutations and activation pathways in triple negative breast cancer. PLoS One 10(11):e0141763

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crown JP (2001) The platinum agents: a role in breast cancer treatment? Semin Oncol 28(1 Suppl 3):28–37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ding L, Gu H, Xiong X, Ao H, Cao J, Lin W, Yu M, Lin J, Cui Q (2019) MicroRNAs involved in carcinogenesis, prognosis, therapeutic resistance and applications in human triple-negative breast cancer. Cell 8(12):1492

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giltnane JM, Balko JM (2014) Rationale for targeting the Ras/MAPK pathway in triple-negative breast cancer. Discov Med 17(95):275–283

    Google Scholar 

  • Ismail-Khan R, Bui MM (2010) A review of triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Control 17(3):173–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keenan TE, Tolaney SM (2020) Role of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 18(4):479–489

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kwapisz D (2021) Pembrolizumab and atezolizumab in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 70(3):607–617

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JS, Yost SE, Yuan Y (2020) Neoadjuvant treatment for triple negative breast cancer: recent progresses and challenges. Cancers (Basel) 12(6):1404

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loi S, Dushyanthen S, Beavis PA, Salgado R, Denkert C, Savas P, Combs S, Rimm DL, Giltnane JM, Estrada MV, Sánchez V, Sanders ME, Cook RS, Pilkinton MA, Mallal SA, Wang K, Miller VA, Stephens PJ, Yelensky R, Doimi FD, Gómez H, Ryzhov SV, Darcy PK, Arteaga CL, Balko JM (2016) RAS/MAPK activation is associated with reduced tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer: therapeutic cooperation between MEK and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 22(6):1499–1509

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mediratta K, El-Sahli S, D’Costa V, Wang L (2020) Current progresses and challenges of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancers (Basel) 12(12):3529

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nedeljkovic M, Damjanovic A (2019) Mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer-how we can rise to the challenge. Cell 8(9):957

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park MK, Lee CH, Lee H (2018) Mouse models of breast cancer in preclinical research. Lab Anim Res 34(4):160–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sandhu GS, Erqou S, Patterson H, Mathew A (2016) Prevalence of triple-negative breast cancer in India: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Global Oncol 2(6):412–421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sorlie T, Wang Y, Xiao C, Johnsen H, Naume B, Samaha RR, Børresen-Dale AL (2006) Distinct molecular mechanisms underlying clinically relevant subtypes of breast cancer: gene expression analyses across three different platforms. BMC Genomics 7:127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner TH, Alzubi MA, Harrell JC (2020) Identification of synergistic drug combinations using breast cancer patient-derived xenografts. Sci Rep 10(1):1493

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss J, Glode A, Messersmith WA, Diamond J (2019) Sacituzumab govitecan: breakthrough targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 19(8):673–679

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Author KL acknowledges the financial support of MHRD-RUSA – phase 2.0 grant sanctioned vide [F.24-51/2014-U policy (TNMulti – Gen), Dept of Edn. Govt of India Dt, 09.10.2018].

Author information

Author notes

  1. Kirubhanand Chandrashekar and Geevaprabhakaran Ganesan contributed equally with all other contributors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Informatics Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India

    Sangavi Jeyachandran & Langeswaran Kulanthaivel

  2. Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

    Kirubhanand Chandrashekar

  3. Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University), Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India

    Geevaprabhakaran Ganesan

  4. Department of Physics, Mannar Thirumalai Naicker College, Pasumalai, Madurai, India

    Lakshmi Alagarsamy

  5. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University), Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India

    Gowtham Kumar Subbaraj

Authors
  1. Sangavi Jeyachandran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kirubhanand Chandrashekar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Geevaprabhakaran Ganesan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Lakshmi Alagarsamy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Gowtham Kumar Subbaraj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Langeswaran Kulanthaivel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Biology and Biotechnology Lab Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, India

    Surajit Pathak

  2. Cancer Biology and Biotechnology Lab Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, India

    Antara Banerjee

  3. AGENTEM (Adana Genetic Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Center) & Medical Genetics Department of Medical Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey

    Atil Bisgin

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Jeyachandran, S., Chandrashekar, K., Ganesan, G., Alagarsamy, L., Subbaraj, G.K., Kulanthaivel, L. (2023). Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): Clinical Features and Therapeutic Targets. In: Pathak, S., Banerjee, A., Bisgin, A. (eds) Handbook of Animal Models and its Uses in Cancer Research. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3824-5_41

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation