Abstract
A huge quantity of textile effluent treatment plant (TETP) sludge is generated from 21,076 units in India. Significant environmental impacts occur due to the landfilling of TETP sludge, such as land and water pollution. Thus, effective management of this sludge is important, which otherwise adds to the ever-escalating cost of disposal. With the rapid industrialization and urbanization, there is also an increased demand for construction materials to fulfill the shortage of housing in India (i.e., 18.78 million in urban and 43.9 million in rural). Brick is one of those significant construction materials, whose production is found to increase by 30% from 2000 to 2020 which consequently leads to an increase in carbon footprints. The present study, therefore, focuses on the effective utilization of TETP sludge to develop cost-effective, environmentally friendly bricks, which serve as an alternate solution for solid waste management, conservation of natural resources, and earning carbon credits. Sludge incorporated bricks were prepared with varying compositions of cement (6–24%), sludge (50–70%), and quarry dust (25%). Bricks are tested as per the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The TETP sludge is characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and the properties of bricks were evaluated by conducting various tests such as compressive strength, water absorption, and density. Obtained results were also compared with commercially available fly ash bricks and clay bricks. The maximum strength of 4.2 N/mm2 was observed for the combination of 24% cement, 51% sludge, and 25% quarry dust, which exceeds the value of 4 N/mm2 for grade D, load-bearing units of IS: 2185(part1)—1979 and found to be greater than 3.5 N/mm2 that meets the criteria of IS: 1077–1979 for bricks in load-bearing units. When textile sludge is used in the range of 50–57%, the water absorption value of bricks was found to be less than 20%, thus meeting the requirement of BIS. The resultant unit weight of the brick is also found to be lesser than the conventional bricks. Thus, it can be said that TETP sludge has the potential to develop sustainable bricks that meet the requirements of BIS, similar to the other sustainable materials, viz., concrete, mortar, etc., developed using other industrial wastes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Goudar SK, Shivaprasad KN, Das BB (2019) Mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced concrete using coal-bottom ash as replacement of fine aggregate. Sustain Constr Build Mater Lect Notes Civil Eng 25
Sharath BP, Shivaprasad KN, Athikkal MM, Das BB (2018) Some studies on sustainable utilization of iron ore tailing (IOT) as fine aggregates in fly ash based geopolymer mortar. In: IOP conference: series, material science an engineering, vol 431, p 092010
Shivaprasad KN, Das BB (2017) Influence of alkali binder dosage on the efficiency of pelletization of aggregates from iron ore tailing and fly ash. Int J Eng Res Mechan Civil Eng 2(3):388–392
Shivaprasad KN, Das BB, Sharath PS (2020) Pelletisation factors on the production of fly-ash aggregates and its performance in concrete. Proc Inst Civil Eng Constr Mater 1–20
Sharath BP, Das BB (2021) Production of artificial aggregates using industrial by-products admixed with mine tailings—a sustainable solution, recent trends in civil engineering. Lect Notes Civil Eng 105:383–397
Snehal K, Das BB, Kumar S (2020) Influence of integration of phase change materials on hydration and microstructure properties of nanosilica admixed cementitious mortar. J Mater Civil Eng 32(6):04020108
Goudar SK, Das BB, Arya SB (2019) Microstructural study of steel-concrete interface and its influence on bond strength of reinforced concrete. Adv Civil Eng Mater 8(1):171–189
Goudar SK et al (2020) Influence of sample preparation techniques on microstructure and nano-mechanical properties of steel-concrete interface. Constr Build Mater 256:119242
Sumukh EP, Sharan KG, Das BB (2021) Predicting the service life of reinforced concrete by incorporating the experimentally determined properties of steel–concrete interface and corrosion. In: Recent trends in civil engineering. Springer, Singapore, pp 399–417
Sumukh EP, Sharan KG, Das BB (2021) A review on the properties of steel-concrete interface and characterization methods. In: Smart technologies for sustainable development. Springer, Singapore, pp 167–203
Balasubramanian J et al (2006) Reuse of textile effluent treatment plant sludge in building materials. Waste Manage 26(1):22–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.01.011
Ministry of Rural Development (2011) Working group on rural housing for the 12th five-year plan. New Delhi, India
Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation. “Report of the technical group (TG-12) on urban housing shortage”.2011, NBO, India
Shathika Sulthana Begum B et al (2013) Utilization of textile effluent wastewater treatment plant sludge as brick material. J Mater Cycles Waste Manage 15(4) 564–570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-013-0139-4
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) IS: 12269:1987. Specification for 53 Grade Ordinary Portland Cement. BIS, New Delhi, India
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) IS: 4031(part 4):1980. Methods of Physical Tests for Hydraulic Cement. BIS, New Delhi, India
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) IS 3495–1992 (Part 1). Methods of Tests of Burnt Clay Building Bricks: Determination of Compressive Strength. BIS, New Delhi, India
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) IS 3495–1992 (Part 2). Methods of Tests of Burnt Clay Building Bricks: Determination of Water Absorption. BIS, New Delhi, India
Patil U, Raut SP, Ralegaonkar RV, Madurwar MV (2021) Sustainable building materials using textile effluent treatment plant sludge: a review. Green Mater 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgrma.21.00027
Kaur H (2019) Utilization of textile mill sludge waste in concrete—an experimental study. Int J Pure Appl Biosci 7(5):179–85. https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7615
Raghunathan T, Gopalsamy P, Elangovan R (2010) Study on strength of concrete with ETP sludge from dyeing industry. Int J Civ Struct Eng 1(3):379–389
Rahman, Md. Mostafizur, et al (2017) Textile effluent treatment plant sludge: characterization and utilization in building materials. Arab J Sci Eng 42(4):1435–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-016-2298-9
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) (1979) IS: 2185(1):1979. Specification for concrete masonry units - hollow and solid concrete blocks. BIS, New Delhi, India
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) IS: 1077–1979. Common Burnt Clay Building Bricks- Specification. BIS, New Delhi, India
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Patil, U.S., Raut, S.P., Madurwar, M.V. (2023). Development of Sustainable Brick Using Textile Effluent Treatment Plant Sludge. In: Ranadive, M.S., Das, B.B., Mehta, Y.A., Gupta, R. (eds) Recent Trends in Construction Technology and Management. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 260. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2145-2_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2145-2_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-2144-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-2145-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)