Abstract
Alternative research efforts have been conducted for the last few years to overcome the deficit spectrum of electromagnetic waves which can release the network traffic from the saturated radio frequency domain. With some of the culture and development, it can be stated that optical wireless communication can lead to a new spectrum of data sharing. Consumption of data and its usage has increased more than 100 times in the last 10 years. Development of around 80 billion IOT systems has also contributed to the crisis of radio spectrum availability and increased traffic. It is forecasted that by 2022 there will be use of around 50 zettabytes of data, that can be imagined as many bits of stars and planets in the universe. With the recent contribution from researches, a new domain has been termed as visible light communication (VLC) and will reinforce the communication protocol. In this domain, the architectural transformation resulted in light fidelity (Li-Fi), replacing the wireless fidelity (WiFi) with added security and unrestricted bandwidth allocation.
There are 300 Tetra Hz unused bandwidth (1000 times 300 Giga Hz of radio frequency spectrum) available at higher frequencies in the visible light spectrum. LiFi uses the visible light spectrum for communication, which is much faster than radio frequency, and can be easily used in near field communication. Many researches have served with multiple conceptions and misconceptions in this experimental area. The technology is advancing with the speed of its own concept, visible light. Establishing the liable system and computing the data, parametrical diversity is in progress. Professor Harald Haas of Edinburgh University has provided many clear out reach for the proposed system. Many tech-giants have configured their own. But in our daily life, bringing ease to our society has been a concept and dream till now. Converging all the thought at a point with the recent development and implementation, in this chapter we claim to successfully design a light fidelity-based system, which can be used for traffic signal sensing and managing, and it will be energy efficient. As it is studied that LiFi system transmits data through LED and receives through photocell, LED is a clear source of energy-efficient output and photocell (solar cells) which absorbs light energy and converts into electrical energy is a proven energy-efficient receptor.
Our system proposes a long-range LED, which transmits light spectrum of over 1.5 km and reflects back after incident on the surface of the vehicles. Solar cells used as receptors of this light beam track the congestion of the beams. The implementation of the transmitter and receiver can be done in affordable and reliable using microcontroller like ATmega 328. The data can be retrieved and processed, and the density of vehicles can be traced, with easy controlling of the traffic signals. With amplification of the incident light beam on solar cells, it can be reused for power support to the circuitry, making it less biasing potential consuming device. The emergency vehicles can also be traced with some deviation of visible light spectrum wavelengths. This design opens up path for many researches on the field of smart city application, environment and its different parameter monitoring systems.
As the system uses LED as a source and solar panel as a receptor, it is very much energy efficient. The solar panel can charge the inbuilt battery itself and can operate in day and night condition. The conventional traffic management system uses mainly camera-oriented system, so this proposed system is quite energy efficient. After feeding the count in the edge level gateways in each of the traffic points, the traffic light may be controlled upon the policy of the city. Thus, this proposed system is quite relevant for smart city applications or smart traffic management system. This proposed system is also cost-effective as it is only using LED, small photocell (here it is solar receptor) and microcontroller ATmega 328 for deployment, and traffic control can be done through edge computing using Raspberry Pi.
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Sarkar, A., Chakraborty, R., Dutta, H. (2022). LiFi-Based Energy-Efficient Traffic Sensing and Controlling System Management for Smart City Application. In: Paul, P.K., Choudhury, A., Biswas, A., Singh, B.K. (eds) Environmental Informatics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2083-7_12
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