Abstract
Variants of hexagonal antenna arrays for the smart antenna performance are examined for the potential beamforming. First hexagonal array of 12 elements is designed and its array factor is obtained. Two ring concentric hexagonal array and the combination of linear and hexagonal array called hexagonal cylindrical array are constructed by using 12 element hexagonal array and their array factors are derived. The elements in all of the array types are uniformly distributed and their amplitude coefficients are estimated using the novel Firefly algorithm (FA). The effect of geometrical array configuration on the radiation pattern is investigated by comparing the performance metrics such as Side lobe level (SLL), null depth, half power beam width (HPBW) and directivity. Out of all the configurations of antenna array, concentric hexagonal array performs better. The synthesis of the all arrays is carried out using MATLAB simulation tool. The proposed concentric Hexagonal array is designed with 24 micro strip patch elements at 2.4 GHz using probe feed that employs substrate material as rogers RT duroid 5880 using HFSS simulation tool.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Balanis, C.A.: Antenna theory: analysis and design, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York (2005)
Godraa, L.C.: Applications of antenna arrays to mobile communications. part I: performance improvement, feasibility, and system considerations. Proc. IEEE 85, 1031–1060 (1997)
Hsu, C.-H., Chen, C.-H.: Optimizing beam pattern of adaptively linear array antenna by phase perturbations using genetic algorithms. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. LNCS/LNAI 3213, 929–936 (2004)
Lotter, M.P., Rooyen, P.V.: An overview of space division multiple access techniques in cellular systems. In: Proceedings of 1998 IEEE South African symposium on communications and signal processing, COMSIG’98, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, pp. 161–164, (1998)
Gozasht, F., Dadashzadeh, G.R., Nikmehr, S.: A comprehensive performance study of circular and hexagonal array geometries in the LMS algorithm for smart antenna applications. Prog. In Electromagnet. Res. PIER 68, 281–296 (2007)
Gupta, R., Gupta, N.: Two compact microstrip patch antennas for 2.4 GHz band—a comparison. Microw. Rev. 12(2), 29–31 (2006)
Chatterjee, A., Mahanti, G.K., Chatterjee, A.: Design of a fully digital controlled reconfigurable switched beam concentric ring array antenna using firefly and particle swarm optimization algorithm. Prog. Electromagnet. Res. B 36, 113–131 (2012)
Ioannides, P., Balanis, C.A.: Uniform circular arrays for adaptive beamforming applications. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 4, 351–354 (2005)
Noordin, N.H., Zuniga, V., El-Rayis, A.O., Haridas, N., Erdogan, A.T., Arslan, T.: Uniform circular arrays for phased array antenna. In: IEEE loughborough antennas propagation conference, 978–1–4577–1016–2/11 (2011)
Mahmoud, K.R., Eladawy, M.I., Bansal, R., Zainud‐Deen, S.H., Ibrahem, S.M.: Analysis of uniform circular arrays for adaptive beamforming applications using particle swarm optimization algorithm, Wiley inter science, (2007)
Mahmoud, K.R., El-Adawy, M., Ibrahem, S.M.M.: A comparison between circular and hexagonal array geometries for smart antenna systems using particle swarm optimization algorithm. Prog. In Electromagnet. Res. 72, 75–90 (2007)
Neyestanak, A.L., Ghiamy, M., Naser-Moghaddasi, M., Saadeghzadeh, R.A.: Investigation of hybrid elliptical antenna arrays. IET Microw. Antennas Propag. 2(1), 28–34 (2008)
Bera, R., Lanjewar, R., Mandal, D., Kar, R., Ghoshal, S.P.: Comparative study of circular and hexagonal antenna array synthesis using particle swarm optimization. Procedia Comput. Sci. 45, 651–660 (2015)
Sridevi, K., Rani, A.J.: Investigation of hybrid hexagonal antenna arrays for smart antenna applications. In: 2018 Proceedings of the international conference on communication and electronics systems, pp. 439–442 (2018)
Elliott R.S.: Beamwidth and directivity of large scanning arrays. Microw. J. Part-I, vol. 53 (1963)
Sridevi, K., Rani, A.J.: Performance analysis of different array configurations for smart antenna applications using firefly algorithm. ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 13(22) (2018)
Yang, X.S.: Firefly algorithm, stochastic test functions and design optimization. Int. J. Bio-Inspired Comput. 2, 78–84 (2010)
Gandomi, A.H., Yang, X.S., Alavi, A.H.: Mixed variable structural optimization using firefly algorithm. Int. J. Comput. Struct. Elsevier 89, 2325–2336 (2011)
Ahamed, M.M., Bhowmik, K. Al Suman, A.: Analysis and design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna on different resonant frequencies for pervasive wireless communication. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res. 1(5) 2012
Jana, S., et al.: Single layer monopole hexagonal microstrip patch antenna for satellite television. Int J Soft Comput Eng, pp. 2231–2307 (2013)
Vashi, R., Upadhyaya, T., Desai, A. and Patel, R.: Dual band graphene based planar antenna for WLAN communication applications. In: International conference on computer networks and inventive communication technologies, pp 827–833, Springer, Cham (2019)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kadiyam, S., Rani, A.J. (2022). Synthesis of the Variants of Adaptive Hexagonal Antenna Array Configuration. In: Shakya, S., Ntalianis, K., Kamel, K.A. (eds) Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics. Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, vol 126. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2069-1_61
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2069-1_61
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-2068-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-2069-1
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)