Skip to main content

An Overview on the Viability of Hydrous Bioethanol as Gasoline Fuel Blend in the Philippines

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
The AUN/SEED-Net Joint Regional Conference in Transportation, Energy, and Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering (RCTEMME 2021)

Abstract

Bioethanol is an environment friendly ethanol made from sugar or starchy crops and palms which undergoes fermentation and distillation processes. In the Biofuels Act of 2006, anhydrous bioethanol is blended in gasoline for better emission of vehicles. This paper aims to provide the viability of hydrous bioethanol as an alternative fuel blend in the Philippines that might: contribute in the reduction of bioethanol production cost; involve the country side in the bioethanol production; and use hydrous fuel blend as effective as the anhydrous blend.

Using the Facilities of Far East Alcohol Corporation in Pampanga, Php1.18 per liter of bioethanol can be saved if the 95% hydrous bioethanol will no longer undergo dehydration process. About Php1.4 to Php6.29 billion will be saved due to the reduced production cost of the 330 million gallons of bioethanol demand for the country. Hydrous bioethanol can be produced in the village level of Pamplona.

Hydrous bioethanol fuel blend using MMSUhBE20 formulation were tested on vehicles for extensive period, application, and altitudes had been proven as effective as the anhydrous blend E10. The presence of corrosion on the fuel tank of the motorcycle test vehicle suggest that modifications must be considered on the materials of the fuel systems of new vehicles. The sedan car did not exhibit any sign of corrosion in the tank and other component of the fuel system which is made up of stainless and non-corrosive materials.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Beckman, J., Nigatu, G.: A report from the economic research service global ethanol mandates: opportunities for U.S. exports of ethanol and DDGS. Rep. Econ. Res. Serv. (USDA ERS) BIO-05, 1–32 (2017). www.ers.usda.gov

  2. El-Faroug, M.O., Yan, F., Luo, M., Turkson, R.F.: Spark ignition engine combustion, performance and emission products from Hydrous Ethanol and its blends with gasoline. Energies 9(12), 984 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Al-Harbi, A.A., Alabduly, A.J., Alkhedhair, A.M., Alqahtani, N.B., Albishi, M.S.: Effect of operation under lean conditions on NOx emissions and fuel consumption fueling an SI engine with hydrous ethanol–gasoline blends enhanced with synthesis gas. Energy 238, 121694 (2022). https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360544221019423

  4. Rufino, C.H., Gallo, W.L., Ferreira, J.V.: Sci-Hub|Diagnosis of hydrous ethanol combustion in a spark-ignition engine. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part D J. Automobile Eng. 095440702094082 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407020940824

  5. Deng, X., Chen, Z., Wang, X., Zhen, H., Xie, R.: Exhaust noise, performance and emission characteristics of spark ignition engine fuelled with pure gasoline and hydrous ethanol gasoline blends. Case Stud. Therm. Eng. 12, 55–63 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Costa, R.C., Sodré, J.R.: Hydrous ethanol vs. gasoline-ethanol blend: Engine performance and emissions. Fuel 89, 287–293 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.06.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Shirazi, S.A., Abdollahipoor, B., Martinson, J., Reardon, K.F., Windom, B.C.: Physiochemical property characterization of Hydrous and Anhydrous Ethanol blended gasoline. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 57(32), 11239–11245 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Edeh, I.: Bioethanol production: an overview. In: Bioethanol Technologies (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bedford, R., Haas, M.: This report contains assessments of commodity and trade issues made by USDA staff and not necessarily statements of official U.S. government policy Report Name: Biofuels Annual Country: Philippines Post: Manila Report Category: Biofuels (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kapasi, Z.A., Nair, A.R., Sonawane, S., Satpute, S.K.: Biofuel - an alternative source of energy for present and future. J. Adv. Sci. Technol. 13(0971), 105–108 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Marx, S.: Cassava as feedstock for ethanol production: a global perspective. In: Bioethanol Production from Food Crops, pp. 101–113, January 2019

    Google Scholar 

  12. Valeriano, I.H., Marques, G.L.L., Freitas, S.P., Couri, S., das M. Penha, E., Gonçalves, M.M.M.: Cassava Pulp Enzymatic Hydrolysate as a promising feedstock for ethanol production. Brazilian Arch. Biol. Technol. 61, 1–10 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Okugbo, C.O., Usunobun, O.T., Adegbegi, U., Okiemien, J.A.: A review of Nipa Palm as a renewable energy source in Nigeria. Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol. 4(15), 2367–2371 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  14. da Maia, J.L., et al.: Microalgae starch: a promising raw material for the bioethanol production. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 165, 2739–2749 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Toor, M., et al.: An overview on bioethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks. Chemosphere 242, 125080 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125080

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Lim, K.M.R.C., et al.: Extraction of Ethanol from Nypa fruticans (Nipa) Palm fruit. Asian J. Phys. Chem. Sci. 8(4), 41–45 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Romanus, N.O.: Fuel ethanol production from sugarcane and corn: comparative analysis for a Colombian case related papers. Energy 33, 385–399 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Gatdula, K.M., Demafelis, R.B., Bataller, B.G.: Comparative analysis of bioethanol production from different potential biomass sources in the Philippines. In: Bioethanol Technology, February 2021

    Google Scholar 

  19. Farooq, A., Shabbir, G., Bangviwat, A.: Life cycle cost analysis of ethanol production from sugarcane molasses for gasoline substitution as transportation fuel in Pakistan. J. Sustain. Energy Environ. 11, 49–59 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Agrupis, S.C., Mateo, N., Birginias, M.C., Lucas, M.P., Madigal, J.P., Abenes, F.: MMSU hydrous bio-ethanol (MMSU95hBE) III: development of adaptable technologies for village-scale bio-ethanol production (2016). l_iii_scagrupis.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  21. Mateo, N.E.R., Agrupis, S.C., Ulep, R.A.: An apparatus for reflux distillation Hydrous Ethanol.pdf, 2–201700028 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  22. “Ethanol fuel in Brazil - Wikipedia,” Wikipedia (2021). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol_fuel_in_Brazil

  23. Nogueira, L.A.H., Souza, G.M., Cortez, L.A.B., de Brito Cruz, C.H.: Biofuels for transport. In: Future Energy Improved Sustainable Clean Options Our Planet, pp. 173–197, January 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102886-5.00009-8

  24. Wang, X., Chen, Z., Ni, J., Liu, S., Zhou, H.: The effects of hydrous ethanol gasoline on combustion and emission characteristics of a port injection gasoline engine. Case Stud. Therm. Eng. 6, 147–154 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Regalado, M.J.C., Belonio, A.T., Villota, K.C., Rafael, M.L., Castillo, P.R.: Design, testing, and evaluation of a Hydrous Bioethanol Distiller for the production of fuel-grade alcohol from Nipa. Appl. Eng. Agric. 34(5), 759–765 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Matějovský, L., Macák, J., Pospíšil, M., Baroš, P., Staš, M., Krausová, A.: Study of corrosion of metallic materials in ethanol–gasoline blends: application of electrochemical methods. Energy Fuels 31(10), 10880–10889 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01682

  27. Passarini, G.C., Fregoneze, M., Júnior, F.S.: Variable camshaft valve timing and its effects to Hydrous Ethanol (E100) combustion during engine warm up phase. In: SAE Technical Papers, January 2020

    Google Scholar 

  28. Saffy, H.A., Northrop, W., Kittelson, D., Boies, A.M.: Energy, carbon dioxide and water use implications of hydrous ethanol production. Energy Convers. Manag. 105, 900–907 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Philippine Inc.: “Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code 2008 ed. PSME Inc. Paredes Street, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines, ISSN 2012-3426, p. 314 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Special thanks to the following who sincerely supported this endeavor: the late President Romulo Kheyeng of FEAC, Ms. Queenie Rojo of EPAP, Engr. Rosemarie Gumera of Sugar Regulatory Administration, Engr. Ruby De Guzman of DOE-REMB, Engr. Jorge Maglasang, Kia Motors, Global City, the late Pamplona Mayor Aaron Sampaga, the municipality of Pamplona, MMSU-NBERIC staffs, UPD-VRTL, Dr. Fiorello Abenes, to our Pamplona community recipients, and to Dr. Blessie Basilia of Mapua University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nathaniel Ericson R. Mateo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Mateo, N.E.R., Ulep, R.A., Lucas, M.P., Agrupis, S.C., Sagadraca, J., Baga, C. (2022). An Overview on the Viability of Hydrous Bioethanol as Gasoline Fuel Blend in the Philippines. In: Le, AT., Pham, VS., Le, MQ., Pham, HL. (eds) The AUN/SEED-Net Joint Regional Conference in Transportation, Energy, and Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering. RCTEMME 2021. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1968-8_24

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1968-8_24

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-19-1967-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-19-1968-8

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics