Skip to main content

The Philosophy of Technology: On Medicine’s Technological Enframing

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Applied Philosophy for Health Professions Education

Abstract

This chapter examines the growing role of technology in healthcare through the lens of the philosophy of technology. I introduce insights from three philosophers of technology, Martin Heidegger, Andrew Feenberg and John Dewey, each of whom challenges commonplace views of technology as simply applied science and offers important lessons for health professions education. These lessons teach how technology is not merely material artifact but instead a way of thinking and interacting with the world; how technology is not value-neutral but rather the product of social choices; and how technology is not purely means to an end but rather embodies a continuum of means and ends emerging from within a context of inquiry. As healthcare professionals face increasing use of technology in patient care, these critical insights help support more reflective engagement with technology in practice, challenging us to leverage technologies in order to better serve the needs of clinicians, patients, and their communities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    International Business Machines Corporation, an American multinational technology corporation.

  2. 2.

    Since the time of writing, IBM has sold its Watson Health data and analytics business.

References

  • Ajjawi, Rola, and Kevin Eva. 2021. “The Problems with Solutions.” Medical Education 55: 2–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, Ruha. 2019a. “Assessing Risk, Automating Racism.” Science 366: 421–422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, Ruha. 2019b. Race After Technology. Cambridge, UK: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bijker, Wiebe E, Thomas Parke Hughes, and Trevor Pinch. 2012. The Social Construction of Technological Systems. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bluhm, Robyn, and Kirstin Borgerson. 2011. “Evidence-Based Medicine.” In Philosophy of Medicine, edited by Dave M Gabbay, Paul Thagard, and John Woods, 203–237. North Holland: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borgmann, Albert. 1984. Technology and the Character of Contemporary Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun, Lundy. 2014. Breathing Race into the Machine. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Burger-Lux, M. Janet, and Robert P. Heaney. 1986. “For Better and Worse: The Technological Imperative in Health Care.” Social Science & Medicine 22: 1313–1320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chin-Yee, Benjamin, and Ross Upshur. 2018. “Clinical Judgement in the Era of Big Data and Predictive Analytics.” Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 24: 638–645.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chin-Yee, Benjamin, and Ross Upshur. 2019. “Three Problems with Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine.” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 62: 237–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chin-Yee, Benjamin, Atara Messinger, and L Trevor Young. 2018. “Three Visions of Doctoring: A Gadamerian Dialogue.” Advances in Health Sciences Education 24 (2): 403–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, John. [1922] 2008. The Middle Works of John Dewey, 1899–1924:1922, Human Nature and Conduct. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, John. [1929] 1984a. The Later Works, 1925–1953: 1929, The Quest for Certainty. Carbondale IL: Southern Illinois University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, John. [1930] 1984b. The Later Works, 1925–1953: 1929–1930, Essays, the Sources of a Science of Education, Individualism, Old and New, and Construction and Criticism. Carbondale IL: Southern Illinois University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, John. [1934] 2013. A Common Faith. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, John. 2012. Unmodern Philosophy and Modern Philosophy. Carbondale IL: Southern Illinois University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dreyus, Hubert L., and Charles Spinosa. 1997. “Highway Bridges and Feasts: Heidegger and Borgmann on How to Affirm Technology.” Man and World 30: 159–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dubber, Markus Dirk, Frank Pasquale, and Sunit Das. 2020. The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI. USA: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eubanks, Virginia. 2018. Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feenberg, Andrew. 1991. Critical Theory of Technology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feenberg, Andrew. 2002. Transforming Technology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feenberg, Andrew. 2010a. “Ten Paradoxes of Technology.” Techné 14: 3–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feenberg, Andrew. 2010b. Between Reason and Experience. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franssen, Maarten, Gert-Jan Lokhorst, and Ibo Van de Poel. 2009. “Philosophy of Technology.” In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), edited by Edward N. Zalta. https://plato.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia/archinfo.cgi?entry=technology.

  • Fuller, Jonathan. 2015. “The Art of Medicine.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 187: 1078–1078.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heidegger, Martin. [1927] 1996. Being and Time. New York: SUNY Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heidegger, Martin. [1954] 1977. “The Question Concerning Technology.” In The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays, Martin Heidegger, 287–317. Translated by William Lovitt. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heidegger, Martin. [1966] 2017. “‘Only a God Can Save Us’: The Spiegel Interview”. In Heidegger: The Man and the Thinker, edited by Thomas Sheehan. Oxfordshire: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hickman, Larry A. 1990. John Dewey’s Pragmatic Technology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hickman, Larry A. 2001. Philosophical Tools for Technological Culture. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • IBM. 2022. “IBM Is Selling Off Watson Health to a Private Equity Firm.” New York Times, January 21. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/21/business/ibm-watson-health.html.

  • Kumagai, Arno K., Lisa Richardson, Sarah Khan, and Ayelet Kuper. 2018. “Dialogues on the Threshold: Dialogical Learning for Humanism and Justice.” Academic Medicine 93: 1778–1783.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Latour, Bruno. 1993. The Pasteurization of France. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitcham, Carl. 1994. Thinking Through Technology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery, Kathryn. 2005. How Doctors Think: Clinical Judgment and the Practice of Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noble, Safiya Umoja. 2018. Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oren, Ohad, Bernard J. Gersh, and Deepak L. Bhatt. 2020. “Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging: Switching from Radiographic Pathological Data to Clinically Meaningful Endpoints.” The Lancet Digital Health 2: e486–e488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peirce, Charles Sanders. [1898] 1960. Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickstone, John V. 1993. “Ways of Knowing: Towards a Historical Sociology of Science, Technology and Medicine.” The British Journal for the History of Science 26: 433–458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sackett, David L. 2005. Clinical Epidemiology: A Basic Science for Clinical Medicine. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandelowski, Margarete. 2000. “‘This Most Dangerous Instrument’: Propriety, Power, and the Vaginal Speculum.” Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 29: 73–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snow, CP. [1959] 1993. The Two Cultures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, Miriam. 2015. Making Medical Knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, Aliki, Ayelet Kuper, Benjamin Chin-Yee, and Melissa Park. 2020. “What Is “Shared” in Shared Decision-Making? Philosophical Perspectives, Epistemic Justice, and Implications for Health Professions Education.” Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 26: 409–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Topol, Eric J. 2019. “High-Performance Medicine: The Convergence of Human and Artificial Intelligence.” Nature medicine: 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tupasela, Aaro, and Ezio Di Nucci. 2020. “Concordance as evidence in the Watson for Oncology Decision-Support System.” AI & Society 35: 811–818.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waks, Leonard J. 1999. “The Means-Ends Continuum and the Reconciliation of Science and Art in the Later Works of John Dewey.” Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 35: 595–611.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wamsley, Dillon, and Benjamin Chin-Yee. 2021. “COVID-19, Digital Health Technology and the Politics of the Unprecedented.” Big Data and Society 8 (1): 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead, Cynthia, and Ayelet Kuper. 2015. “A False Dichotomy.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 187: 683–684.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winner, Langdon. 1978. Autonomous Technology. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winner, Langdon. 1980. “Do Artifacts Have Politics.” Daedalus 109: 121–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wulff, Henrik. 1999. “The Two Cultures of Medicine: Objective Facts Versus Subjectivity and Values.” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 92: 549–552.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Benjamin Chin-Yee .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Chin-Yee, B. (2022). The Philosophy of Technology: On Medicine’s Technological Enframing. In: Brown, M.E.L., Veen, M., Finn, G.M. (eds) Applied Philosophy for Health Professions Education. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1512-3_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1512-3_17

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-19-1511-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-19-1512-3

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics