Abstract
This chapter examines the growing role of technology in healthcare through the lens of the philosophy of technology. I introduce insights from three philosophers of technology, Martin Heidegger, Andrew Feenberg and John Dewey, each of whom challenges commonplace views of technology as simply applied science and offers important lessons for health professions education. These lessons teach how technology is not merely material artifact but instead a way of thinking and interacting with the world; how technology is not value-neutral but rather the product of social choices; and how technology is not purely means to an end but rather embodies a continuum of means and ends emerging from within a context of inquiry. As healthcare professionals face increasing use of technology in patient care, these critical insights help support more reflective engagement with technology in practice, challenging us to leverage technologies in order to better serve the needs of clinicians, patients, and their communities.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
International Business Machines Corporation, an American multinational technology corporation.
- 2.
Since the time of writing, IBM has sold its Watson Health data and analytics business.
References
Ajjawi, Rola, and Kevin Eva. 2021. “The Problems with Solutions.” Medical Education 55: 2–3.
Benjamin, Ruha. 2019a. “Assessing Risk, Automating Racism.” Science 366: 421–422.
Benjamin, Ruha. 2019b. Race After Technology. Cambridge, UK: Wiley.
Bijker, Wiebe E, Thomas Parke Hughes, and Trevor Pinch. 2012. The Social Construction of Technological Systems. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Bluhm, Robyn, and Kirstin Borgerson. 2011. “Evidence-Based Medicine.” In Philosophy of Medicine, edited by Dave M Gabbay, Paul Thagard, and John Woods, 203–237. North Holland: Elsevier.
Borgmann, Albert. 1984. Technology and the Character of Contemporary Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
Braun, Lundy. 2014. Breathing Race into the Machine. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Burger-Lux, M. Janet, and Robert P. Heaney. 1986. “For Better and Worse: The Technological Imperative in Health Care.” Social Science & Medicine 22: 1313–1320.
Chin-Yee, Benjamin, and Ross Upshur. 2018. “Clinical Judgement in the Era of Big Data and Predictive Analytics.” Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 24: 638–645.
Chin-Yee, Benjamin, and Ross Upshur. 2019. “Three Problems with Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine.” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 62: 237–256.
Chin-Yee, Benjamin, Atara Messinger, and L Trevor Young. 2018. “Three Visions of Doctoring: A Gadamerian Dialogue.” Advances in Health Sciences Education 24 (2): 403–412.
Dewey, John. [1922] 2008. The Middle Works of John Dewey, 1899–1924:1922, Human Nature and Conduct. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
Dewey, John. [1929] 1984a. The Later Works, 1925–1953: 1929, The Quest for Certainty. Carbondale IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
Dewey, John. [1930] 1984b. The Later Works, 1925–1953: 1929–1930, Essays, the Sources of a Science of Education, Individualism, Old and New, and Construction and Criticism. Carbondale IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
Dewey, John. [1934] 2013. A Common Faith. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Dewey, John. 2012. Unmodern Philosophy and Modern Philosophy. Carbondale IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
Dreyus, Hubert L., and Charles Spinosa. 1997. “Highway Bridges and Feasts: Heidegger and Borgmann on How to Affirm Technology.” Man and World 30: 159–178.
Dubber, Markus Dirk, Frank Pasquale, and Sunit Das. 2020. The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI. USA: Oxford University Press.
Eubanks, Virginia. 2018. Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Feenberg, Andrew. 1991. Critical Theory of Technology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Feenberg, Andrew. 2002. Transforming Technology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Feenberg, Andrew. 2010a. “Ten Paradoxes of Technology.” Techné 14: 3–15.
Feenberg, Andrew. 2010b. Between Reason and Experience. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Franssen, Maarten, Gert-Jan Lokhorst, and Ibo Van de Poel. 2009. “Philosophy of Technology.” In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), edited by Edward N. Zalta. https://plato.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia/archinfo.cgi?entry=technology.
Fuller, Jonathan. 2015. “The Art of Medicine.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 187: 1078–1078.
Heidegger, Martin. [1927] 1996. Being and Time. New York: SUNY Press.
Heidegger, Martin. [1954] 1977. “The Question Concerning Technology.” In The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays, Martin Heidegger, 287–317. Translated by William Lovitt. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, Inc.
Heidegger, Martin. [1966] 2017. “‘Only a God Can Save Us’: The Spiegel Interview”. In Heidegger: The Man and the Thinker, edited by Thomas Sheehan. Oxfordshire: Routledge.
Hickman, Larry A. 1990. John Dewey’s Pragmatic Technology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Hickman, Larry A. 2001. Philosophical Tools for Technological Culture. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
IBM. 2022. “IBM Is Selling Off Watson Health to a Private Equity Firm.” New York Times, January 21. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/21/business/ibm-watson-health.html.
Kumagai, Arno K., Lisa Richardson, Sarah Khan, and Ayelet Kuper. 2018. “Dialogues on the Threshold: Dialogical Learning for Humanism and Justice.” Academic Medicine 93: 1778–1783.
Latour, Bruno. 1993. The Pasteurization of France. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Mitcham, Carl. 1994. Thinking Through Technology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Montgomery, Kathryn. 2005. How Doctors Think: Clinical Judgment and the Practice of Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Noble, Safiya Umoja. 2018. Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism. New York: New York University Press.
Oren, Ohad, Bernard J. Gersh, and Deepak L. Bhatt. 2020. “Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging: Switching from Radiographic Pathological Data to Clinically Meaningful Endpoints.” The Lancet Digital Health 2: e486–e488.
Peirce, Charles Sanders. [1898] 1960. Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Pickstone, John V. 1993. “Ways of Knowing: Towards a Historical Sociology of Science, Technology and Medicine.” The British Journal for the History of Science 26: 433–458.
Sackett, David L. 2005. Clinical Epidemiology: A Basic Science for Clinical Medicine. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
Sandelowski, Margarete. 2000. “‘This Most Dangerous Instrument’: Propriety, Power, and the Vaginal Speculum.” Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 29: 73–82.
Snow, CP. [1959] 1993. The Two Cultures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Solomon, Miriam. 2015. Making Medical Knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Thomas, Aliki, Ayelet Kuper, Benjamin Chin-Yee, and Melissa Park. 2020. “What Is “Shared” in Shared Decision-Making? Philosophical Perspectives, Epistemic Justice, and Implications for Health Professions Education.” Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 26: 409–418.
Topol, Eric J. 2019. “High-Performance Medicine: The Convergence of Human and Artificial Intelligence.” Nature medicine: 1–13.
Tupasela, Aaro, and Ezio Di Nucci. 2020. “Concordance as evidence in the Watson for Oncology Decision-Support System.” AI & Society 35: 811–818.
Waks, Leonard J. 1999. “The Means-Ends Continuum and the Reconciliation of Science and Art in the Later Works of John Dewey.” Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 35: 595–611.
Wamsley, Dillon, and Benjamin Chin-Yee. 2021. “COVID-19, Digital Health Technology and the Politics of the Unprecedented.” Big Data and Society 8 (1): 1–10.
Whitehead, Cynthia, and Ayelet Kuper. 2015. “A False Dichotomy.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 187: 683–684.
Winner, Langdon. 1978. Autonomous Technology. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Winner, Langdon. 1980. “Do Artifacts Have Politics.” Daedalus 109: 121–136.
Wulff, Henrik. 1999. “The Two Cultures of Medicine: Objective Facts Versus Subjectivity and Values.” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 92: 549–552.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chin-Yee, B. (2022). The Philosophy of Technology: On Medicine’s Technological Enframing. In: Brown, M.E.L., Veen, M., Finn, G.M. (eds) Applied Philosophy for Health Professions Education. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1512-3_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1512-3_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-1511-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-1512-3
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)