Animal Models in Cancer Research

Abstract

Cancer remains one of the most debilitating diseases in the world as it ranks the second leading cause of mortality. Researchers are relying on animal models to bridge the gap between bench-to-bedside investigations and clinical trials as they race to find a solution for this complex disease. Because of their similarities to humans, rodents are the most utilized preclinical test animals. Cancer research can use a variety of mouse models, from spontaneous and autochthonous to transplantation systems. A growing number of murine cancer models are based on cell line-derived xenografts, patient-derived xenografts, and humanized animals, due to their capacity to closely imitate tumor initiation, progression metastasis, and a realistic tumor microenvironment. As a result of their propensity to form tumors in immune-competent animals, genetically modified mouse models are also commonly used. Researchers have also used other lower animals such as Zebrafish and Drosophila to study tumorigenesis. This is because of their inexpensive cost, high fertility, shorter breeding period, and low upkeep; they are also relevant in whole animal drug screening. Larger animals like cats, canine, and porcine models offer a more crucial link between mice and men and have also been used in cancer investigations. This article explains in detail the types of animal models used in cancer research, emphasizing both their merits and shortcomings.