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Shrimp Immune System and Immune Responses

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Fish immune system and vaccines

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Abstract

Shrimp, being an invertebrate, lack a vertebrate-like adaptive immune system. However, an efficient innate immune system, consisting of physical barriers and cellular and humoral components, exists in shrimp. The innate immunity is activated by the recognition of different microbial cellular components (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs) by the host-associated pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which triggers different signalling pathways and subsequently leads to different cellular and humoral immune responses. Cellular defence involves various processes (phagocytosis, encapsulation, nodule formation, coagulation, apoptosis etc.) directly mediated by haemocytes. However, humoral components include activation of different cascade systems and release of molecules accumulated within the haemocytes (prophenoloxidase (proPO) activating system, antioxidant system, agglutinins, protease-inhibitors, anti-microbial peptides, phosphatase, lysozyme etc.). Apart from this, RNA interference (RNAi), microRNA and complement system have been found to play crucial roles in the protective immunity in shrimp. Moreover, existence of immunological memory and adaptive immunity in shrimp has been suggested, and molecules such as Down syndrome cell adhesion molecules (Dscam), fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) and hemolin have been reported to be involved in this. The existence of adaptive immunity in shrimp suggests the possibility of vaccinating shrimp against specific pathogens.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India

    Rajendran K. V., Sreedharan K. & A. Deepika

  2. University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia

    Amod Kulkarni

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  1. Rajendran K. V.
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  2. Sreedharan K.
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  3. A. Deepika
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  4. Amod Kulkarni
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Correspondence to Rajendran K. V. .

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  1. Fish Culture Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Brackish water Aquaculture, Chennai, India

    Makesh M.

  2. Division of Aquatic Environment & Health Management, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India

    Rajendran K.V.

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K. V., R., K., S., Deepika, A., Kulkarni, A. (2022). Shrimp Immune System and Immune Responses. In: M., M., K.V., R. (eds) Fish immune system and vaccines. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1268-9_2

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