Abstract
Ion exchange in solute transport has traditionally been estimated, using constant values. The exchange coefficient relating the exchange between an ion in solution and one on the soil or solid phase is treated like an equilibrium constant. Concentrations of ions in solution are corrected for ionic strength of the solution by applying activity coefficients and using the activity of the ion but there is no way to correct for the “surface phase activity”. Several have provided correction factors such a Vaneslow (1932), Krishnamoorthy and Overstreet (Soil Sci 69:41, 1950) and Gaines and Thomas (1953) to explain the distribution of ions in systems. This paper identifies a further addition to the Gaines-Thomas equation. It is additionally proposed that it is possible to determine exchange coefficients as functions of solution characteristics and variable retardation factors that are a function of the ion solution concentration. These strategies are an attempt to account for surface phase activity and the impact of multiple ions in solution.
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© 2023 Canadian Society for Civil Engineering
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Terrance, F., Crystal, R. (2023). Variable Rate Ion Exchange in Contaminant Transport. In: Walbridge, S., et al. Proceedings of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineering Annual Conference 2021 . CSCE 2021. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 249. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1061-6_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1061-6_10
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