Skip to main content

Transfer Learning Approach for Analyzing Attentiveness of Students in an Online Classroom Environment with Emotion Detection

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Innovations in Computational Intelligence and Computer Vision

Abstract

There is a crucial need for advancement in the online educational system due to the unexpected, forced migration of classroom activities to a fully remote format, due to the coronavirus pandemic. Not only this, but online education is the future, and its infrastructure needs to be improved for an effective teaching–learning process. One of the major concerns with the current video call-based online classroom system is student engagement analysis. Teachers are often concerned about whether the students can perceive the teachings in a novel format. Such analysis was involuntarily done in the offline mode, however, is difficult in an online environment. This research presents an autonomous system for analyzing the students’ engagement in the class by detecting the emotions exhibited by the students. This is done by capturing the video feed of the students and passing the detected faces to an emotion detection mode. The emotion detection model in the proposed architecture was designed by fine-tuning VGG16 pre-trained image classifier model. Lastly, the average student engagement index is calculated. Authors received considerable performance setting reliability of the use of the proposed system in real time giving a future scope to this research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://github.com/karankv26/Google-image-webscraper.

  2. 2.

    https://github.com/karankv26/Google-image-webscraper/tree/main/dataset.

References

  1. Dutt, A., Ismail, M.A., Herawan, T.: A systematic review on educational data mining. IEEE Access 5, 15991–16005 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bahel, V., Bajaj, P., Thomas, A.: Knowledge discovery in educational databases in Indian educational system: a case study of GHRCE, Nagpur. In: 2019 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy (ICCIKE), Dec 2019, pp. 235–239. IEEE.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bahel, V., Malewar, S., Thomas, A.: student interest group prediction using clustering analysis: an EDM approach. In: 2021 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy (ICCIKE), pp. 481–484. IEEE (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bahel, V., Thomas, A.: Text similarity analysis for evaluation of descriptive answers. arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.02935 (2021)

  5. Raes, A., Vanneste, P., Pieters, M., Windey, I., Van Den Noortgate, W., Depaepe, F.: Learning and instruction in the hybrid virtual classroom: an investigation of students’ engagement and the effect of quizzes. Comput. Edu. 143, 103682 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Weitze, C.L.: Pedagogical innovation in teacher teams: an organizational learning design model for continuous competence development. In: EXCEL 2015: The 14th European Conference on E-Learning, pp. 629–638. Academic Conferences and Publishing International (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Torrey, L., Shavlik, J.: Transfer learning. In Handbook of research on machine learning applications and trends: algorithms, methods, and techniques, pp. 242–264. IGI global

    Google Scholar 

  8. Li, X., Grandvalet, Y., Davoine, F., Cheng, J., Cui, Y., Zhang, H., Yang, M.H.: Transfer learning in computer vision tasks: remember where you come from. Image Vis. Comput. 93, 103853 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bahel, V., Pillai, S.: Detection of COVID-19 using chest radiographs with intelligent deployment architecture. In: Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence Against COVID-19: Innovation Vision and Approach, pp. 117–130. Springer, Cham (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cao, Q., Shen, L., Xie, W., Parkhi, O.M., Zisserman, A.: Vggface2: A dataset for recognizing faces across pose and age. In: 2018 13th IEEE international conference on automatic face & gesture recognition (FG 2018), May 2018, pp. 67–74. IEEE (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ali, N., Zafar, B., Riaz, F., Dar, S.H., Ratyal, N.I., Bajwa, K.B., Iqbal, M.K., Sajid, M.: A hybrid geometric spatial image representation for scene classification. PLoS ONE 13(9), e0203339 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ali, N., Zafar, B., Iqbal, M.K., Sajid, M., Younis, M.Y., Dar, S.H., Mahmood, M.T., Lee, I.H.: Modeling global geometric spatial information for rotation invariant classification of satellite images. PLoS ONE 14, 7 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ali, N., Bajwa, K.B., Sablatnig, R., Chatzichristofs, S.A., Iqbal, Z., Rashid, M., Habib, H.A.: A novel image retrieval based on visual words integration of SIFT and SURF. PLoS ONE 11(6), e0157428 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Sajid, M., Iqbal Ratyal, N., Ali, N., Zafar, B., Dar, S.H., Mahmood, M.T., Joo, Y.B.: The impact of asymmetric left and asymmetric right face images on accurate age estimation. Math. Prob. Eng. 2019, 1–10 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V.: Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. J. Personal Soc. Psychol. 17(2), 124 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Mehendale, N.: Facial emotion recognition using convolutional neural networks (FERC). SN Appl. Sci. 2(3), pp.1–8 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  17. McDuff, D., et al.: AffectAura: an intelligent system for emotional memory. In: Proceedings of CHI, 2012

    Google Scholar 

  18. Bradski, G., Kaehler, A.: Learning OpenCV: Computer Vision with the OpenCV Li-brary. O’Reilly Press (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sablić, M., Mirosavljević, A., Škugor, A.: Video-based learning (VBL)—past, present, and future: an overview of the research published from 2008 to 2019. Technol. Knowl. Learn. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-020-09455-5

  20. Mayer, R., Mayer, R.E.: The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning. Cambridge University Press (2005)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  21. Paivio, A.: Dual coding theory: retrospect and current status. Can. J. Psychol. 45(3), 255 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kim, J., Guo, P.J., Seaton, D.T., Mitros, P., Gajos, K.Z., Miller, R.C.: Understanding in-video dropouts and interaction peaks in-online lecture videos. In: Proceedings of the First ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (L@S ’14). Association for Computing (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hazarika, D., Poria, S., Zimmermann, R., Mihalcea, R.: Conversational transfer learning for emotion recognition. School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Computer Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, USA, Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore. Received 28 Nov 2019, Revised 20 May 2020, Accepted 13 June 2020, Available online 1 July 2020

    Google Scholar 

  24. Kentsch, S., Lopez Caceres, M.L., Serrano, D., Roure, F., Diez, Y.: Computer vision and deep learning techniques for the analysis of drone-acquired forest images, a transfer learning study. Remote Sens. 12, 1287 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12081287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Bo, S., Yongna, L., Jiubing, C., Jihong, L., Di, Z.: Emotion analysis based on facial expression recognition in smart learning environment. Mod. Distance Edu. Res. 2, 96–103 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Nigam H., Biswas P.: (2021) Web scraping: from tools to related legislation and implementation using Python. In: Raj J.S., Iliyasu A.M., Bestak R., Baig Z.A. (eds.) Innovative Data Communication Technologies and Application. Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, vol. 59. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9651-3_13

  27. Kasereka, H.: Importance of web scraping in e-commerce and e-marketing, 19 Jan 2021. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3769593 or https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3769593

  28. Hutchinson, M.L., Antono, E., Gibbons, B.M., Paradiso, S., Ling, J., Meredig, B.: Overcoming data scarcity with transfer learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1711.05099 (2017)

  29. Simonyan, K., Zisserman, A., Visual Geometry Group.: Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. V. Karan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Karan, K.V., Bahel, V., Ranjana, R., Subha, T. (2022). Transfer Learning Approach for Analyzing Attentiveness of Students in an Online Classroom Environment with Emotion Detection. In: Roy, S., Sinwar, D., Perumal, T., Slowik, A., Tavares, J.M.R.S. (eds) Innovations in Computational Intelligence and Computer Vision . Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1424. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0475-2_23

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics