Abstract
In this chapter, we examine the manipulation that may occur through gamification, facilitation, and debriefing processes. We focus in particular on “unintended” manipulation that even professional facilitators or game designers may practice. First, we examine gamification, followed by gaming and simulation. Although gamification, which is a relatively new field, is associated with issues of manipulation, the gaming and simulation field, which has over five decades of history, is seldom affected by manipulation issues. Of course, facilitators’ ethics have long been the subject of much discussion; here, we focus on the more subtle and unintentional aspects of manipulation, which have been relatively overlooked, additionally in relation to the embodied experience. In the chapter’s final section, we provide a list of recommendations aimed at supporting game professionals in minimizing manipulation. These questions may be used as guidelines for future game practices and research, leading to the development of a code of ethics for game studies.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
APA American Psychological Association. (2021). Manipulation. In APA dictionary of psychology. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from https://dictionary.apa.org/manipulation
Bedwell, W. L., Pavlas, D., Heyne, K., Lazzara, E. H., & Salas, E. (2012). Toward a taxonomy linking game attributes to learning: An empirical study. Simulation & Gaming, 43(6), 729–760.
Chou, Y. (2015). Actionable gamification: Beyond points. Badges and Leaderboards.
de Wijse-van Heeswijk, M. (2021). Ethics and the simulation facilitator: Taking your professional role seriously. Simulation & Gaming, 52(3), 312–332.
Deterding, S. (2015). The lens of intrinsic skill atoms: A method for gameful design. Human-Computer Interaction, 30, 294–335.
Duke, R. D. (1974). Gaming, the future’s language. Sage.
Duke, R. D., & Geurts, J. L. A. (2004). Policy games for strategic management. Dutch University Press.
Duncan, R. D. (2018). Influence versus manipulation: Understand the difference. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/rodgerdeanduncan/2018/12/21/influence-vs-manipulation-understand-the-difference/?sh=695a8d7c470c
Gallus, J. (2017). Fostering public good contributions with symbolic awards: A large-scale natural field experiment at Wikipedia. Management Science, 63(12), 3999–4015.
Kaneda, T., Kanegae, H., Rizzi, P., & Toyoda, Y (2016). Simulation and gaming in the network society. Springer.
Kim, A. J. (2018). Game thinking: Innovate smarter & drive deep engagement with design techniques from hit games. Gamethinking.io.
Klabbers, J. (2009). The magic circle: Principles of gaming & simulation (Third and Revised Edition). Sense Publishers.
Kriz, W. C. (2003). Creating effective interactive learning environments through gaming simulation design. Simulation & Gaming, 34, 495–511.
Kriz, W. C. (2010). A systemic-constructivist approach to the facilitation and debriefing of simulations and games. Simulation & Gaming, 41(5), 663–680.
Kriz, W. C. (2012). Gaming simulation and ethics: Reflection on interconnections and implications. Studies in Simulation and Gaming, 22, 65–68.
Kriz, W. C., & Auchter, E. (2016). 10 years of evaluation research into gaming simulation for German entrepreneurship and a new study on its long-term effects. Simulation & Gaming, 47(2), 179–205.
Kriz, W. C., & Hense, J. (2006). Theory-oriented evaluation for the design of and research in gaming and simulation. Simulation & Gaming, 37(2), 268–283.
Kriz, W. C., Clapper, T. C., & Harviainen, J. T. (2019). Obituary for Allan G. Feldt: Pioneer in urban gaming and co-founder of the International Simulation and Gaming Association (ISAGA). Simulation & Gaming, 50(3), 408–410.
Landers, R. N. (2015). Developing a theory of gamified learning: Linking serious games and gamification of learning. Simulation & Gaming, 45, 752–768.
Leigh, E., & Spindler, L. (2005). Congruent facilitation of simulations and games. In R. Shiratori, K. Arai, & F. Kato (Eds.), Gaming, simulations, and society (pp. 189–198). Springer.
Marczewski, A. (2018). Even Ninja monkeys like to play: Unicorn edition. Gamified UK.
Mollick, E., & Rothbard, N. (2014). Mandatory fun: Consent, gamification and the impact of games at work. The Wharton School Research Paper Series.
Noggle, R. (2020). The ethics of manipulation. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University Press.
Peters, V., van de Westelaken, M., & Bruining, J. (2012). Simulation games as a safe environment. Studies in Simulation and Gaming, 22, 59–64.
Salen, K., & Zimmerman, E. (2004). Rules of play. Game design fundamentals. MIT Press.
Schell, J. (2008). The art of game design: A book of lenses. Elsevier.
Schwägele, S., Zürn, B., Lukosch, H. K., & Freese, M. (2021). Design of an impulse-debriefing-spiral for simulation game facilitation. Simulation & Gaming, 52(3), 364–385.
Stewart, L. P. (1992). Ethical issues in postexperimental and postexperiential debriefing? Simulation & Gaming, 23(2), 196–211.
Teach, R. D. (1990). Profits: The false prophet in business gaming. Simulation & Gaming, 21(1), 12–26.
Teach, R. D., Christensen, S. L., & Schwartz, R. G. (2005). Teaching business ethics: Integrity. Simulation & Gaming, 36(3), 383–387.
Varela, F. J., Thompson, E., & Rosch, E. (1991). The embodied mind: Cognitive science and human experience. MIT Press.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 18K03014.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kriz, W.C., Kikkawa, T., Sugiura, J. (2022). Manipulation Through Gamification and Gaming. In: Kikkawa, T., Kriz, W.C., Sugiura, J. (eds) Gaming as a Cultural Commons. Translational Systems Sciences, vol 28. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0348-9_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0348-9_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-0347-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-0348-9
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)