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Genetic Adaptation of Livestock to Heat Stress Challenges

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Climate Change and Livestock Production: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

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Abstract

Genetic/genomic selection between and within species and breeds can aid in maintaining production levels in farm animal species under climatic stress. This chapter looks at how genes and animals can be identified and used for this purpose. We also look at over 19,600 genes reported from studies on adaptation cited in the scientific literature for cattle, sheep, goats and horses. Functional analysis revealed pathways involved in developmental and growth processes, regulation (positive and negative) of biological process, regulation of response to stimulus and stress, immune system regulation, function and development, leukocyte activation, oxidoreductase activity, metabolism and behaviour. Future works will look at how we can select for increased tolerance to heat stress and its related traits while maintaining productivity. Solutions may include landscape genomics, genome editing and multi-omics studies. Overall, there is a need to integrate different stakeholders with the development of statistical methodologies (including artificial intelligence and machine learning) and a regulatory framework to ensure animal welfare and consumer safety.

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Abbreviations

B4GALT6:

Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 6

Cas9:

CRISPR associated protein 9

CRISPR:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DSC:

Desmocollins

DSG:

Desmogleins

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

FDR:

False discovery rate

Fig:

Figure

FST:

Fixation index

GEBV:

Genomic breeding value

GO:

Gene ontology

GWAS:

Genowe-wide association study

HS:

Heat stress

KEGG:

Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes

LISA:

Local indicators of spatial association

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

mTOR:

mammalian target of rapamycin

PI3k/AKT:

phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B

QTL:

Quantitative trait loci

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

SNPs:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

TTR:

Transthyretin

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Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for financing.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Brasilia, DF, Brazil

    Concepta McManus, Andrea Queiroz Maranhão, Daniel Pimentel & Marcelo de Macedo Brigido

  2. CEUB, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    Felipe Pimentel

Authors
  1. Concepta McManus
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  2. Andrea Queiroz Maranhão
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  3. Daniel Pimentel
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  4. Felipe Pimentel
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  5. Marcelo de Macedo Brigido
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Concepta McManus .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India

    Veerasamy Sejian

  2. Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia

    Surinder Singh Chauhan

  3. Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India

    Chinnasamy Devaraj

  4. ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India

    Pradeep Kumar Malik

  5. ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India

    Raghavendra Bhatta

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Appendix

Appendix

Table 21.1 Pathway enrichment analysis of 1703 genes (from a total of 19,606) related to heat stress in at least three species of livestock (cattle, sheep, goats or horses)
Full size table

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McManus, C., Maranhão, A.Q., Pimentel, D., Pimentel, F., de Macedo Brigido, M. (2021). Genetic Adaptation of Livestock to Heat Stress Challenges. In: Sejian, V., Chauhan, S.S., Devaraj, C., Malik, P.K., Bhatta, R. (eds) Climate Change and Livestock Production: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9836-1_21

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