Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Production of Anti-sperm Antibody (ASA) in Men

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Gamete Immunology

  • 176 Accesses

Abstract

The blood-testis barrier (BTB) creates favorable conditions for the spermatogenesis and sperm survival in the testicular fluid. It prevents the occurrence of autoimmunity after puberty. The alteration of the BTB allows the production of anti-sperm antibodies (ASAs) and may lead to infertility. This leads to autoimmune-mediated testicular damage, germ cell loss, and impaired sperm function.

The possible risk factors of ASA production in men have been shown such as congenital or acquired chronic obstruction of the male reproductive tract (MRT), infection in the MRT, varicocele, cryptorchidism, testicular injuries, testicular tumors, homosexual men, spinal cord injury, and autoimmune diseases. However, the relationship between these risk factors and the production of ASA is still controversial. Recently, it was suggested that vasectomy followed by vasovasostomy is the only clinical condition that shows almost permanently high titers of ASA in numerous clinical series.

In this chapter, the possible risk factors for the production of ASA in men are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Moazenchi M, Totonchi M, Salman Yazdi R, Hratian K, Mohseni Meybodi MA, Ahmadi Panah M, Chehrazi M, Mohseni MA. The impact of chlamydia trachomatis infection on sperm parameters and male fertility: a comprehensive study. Int J STD AIDS. 2017;29(5):466–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Dohle GR, Elzanaty S, van Casteren NJ. Testicular biopsy: clinical practice and interpretation. Asian J Androl. 2012;14:88–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Bryan ER, Redgrove KA, Mooney AR, Mihalas BP, Sutherland JM, Carey AJ, Armitage CW, Trim LK, Kollipara A, Mulvey PBM, Palframan E, Trollope G, Bogoevski K, McLachlan R, McLaughlin EA, Beagley KW. Chronic testicular Chlamydia muridarum infection impairs mouse fertility and offspring development. Biol Reprod. 2020;102:888–901.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Qu N, Itoh M, Sakabe K. Effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on spermatogenesis: the role of testicular immunology. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20:957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040957.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Head JR, Billingham RE. Immune privilege in the testis. II. Evaluation of potential local factors. Transplantation. 1985;40:269–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Pollanen P, Maddocks S. Macrophages, lymphocytes and MHC II antigen in the ram and rat testis. J Reprod Fertil. 1988;82:437–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Wyatt CR, Law L, Magnuson JA, Griswold MD, Magnuson NS. Suppression of lymphocyte proliferation by cultured Sertoli cells. J Reprod Immunol. 1988;14:27–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Itoh M, Terayama H, Naito M, Ogawa Y, Tainosho S. Tissue microcircumstances for leukocytic infiltration into the testis and epididymis in mice. J Reprod Immunol. 2005;67:57–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Bhushan S, Meinhardt A. The macrophages in testis function. J Reprod Immunol. 2017;119:107–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Fijak M, Iosub R, Schneider E, Linder M, Respondek K, Klug J, Meinhardt A. Identification of immunodominant autoantigens in rat autoimmune orchitis. J Pathol. 2005;207:127–38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Redgrove KA, McLaughlin EA. The role of the immune response in chlamydia trachomatis infection of the male genital tract: a double edged sword. Front Immunol. 2014;5:534.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. WHO. World Health Organization manual for the standardized investigation and diagnosis of the infertile couple. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Shibahara H, Hirano Y, Takamizawa S, Sato I. Effect of sperm-immobilizing antibodies bound to the surface of ejaculated human spermatozoa on sperm motility in immunologically infertile men. Fertil Steril. 2003;79:641–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Marconi M, Weidner W. Site and risk factors of antisperm antibodies production in the male population. In: Krause WKH, Naz RK, editors. Immune infertility. Cham: Springer; 2017. p. 133–47.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Bronson RA, O’Connor WJ, Wilson TA, Bronson SK, Chasalow FI, Droesch K. Correlation between puberty and the development of autoimmunity to spermatozoa in men with cystic fibrosis. Fertil Steril. 1992;58:1199–204.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. D’Cruz OJ, Haas GG Jr, de La Rocha R, Lambert H. Occurrence of serum antisperm antibodies in patients with cystic fibrosis. Fertil Steril. 1991;56:519–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Matsuda T, Muguruma K, Horii Y, Ogura K, Yoshida O. Serum antisperm antibodies in men with vas deferens obstruction caused by childhood inguinal herniorrhaphy. Fertil Steril. 1993;59:1095–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Patrizio P, Silber SJ, Ord T, Moretti-Rojas I, Asch RH. Relationship of epididymal sperm antibodies to their in vitro fertilization capacity in men with congenital absence of the vas deferens. Fertil Steril. 1992;58:1006–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Flickinger CJ, Howards SS, Bush LA, Baker LA, Herr JC. Temporal recognition of sperm autoantigens by IgM and IgG autoantibodies after vasectomy and vasovasostomy. J Reprod Immunol. 1994;27:135–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Jarow JP, Sanzone JJ. Risk factors for male partner antisperm antibodies. J Urol. 1992;148:1805–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Sinisi AA, Di Finizio B, Pasquali D, Scurini C, D’Apuzzo A, Bellastella A. Prevalence of antisperm antibodies by sperm MAR test in subjects undergoing a routine sperm analysis for infertility. Int J Androl. 1993;16:311–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Mohan H, Yadav S, Singh U, Kadian A, Mohan P. Circulating iso- and autoantibodies to human spermatozoa in infertility. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 1990;33:161–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Heidenreich A, Bonfig R, Wilbert DM, Strohmajer WL, Engelmann UH. Risk factors for antisperm antibodies in infertile men. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1994;31:69–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Marconi M, Nowotny A, Pantke P, Diemer T, Weidner W. Antisperm antibodies detected by MAR and immunobead test are not associated with inflammation and infection of the seminal tract. Andrologia. 2008;40:227–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Fisch H, Laor E, BarChama N, Witkin SS, Tolia BM, Reid RE. Detection of testicular endocrine abnormalities and their correlation with serum antisperm antibodies in men following vasectomy. J Urol. 1989;141:1129–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Broderick GA, Tom R, McClure RD. Immunological status of patients before and after vasovasostomy as determined by the immunobead antisperm antibody test. J Urol. 1989;142:752–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Jarow JP, Goluboff ET, Chang TS. Relationship between antisperm antibodies and testicular histologic changes in humans after vasectomy. Urology. 1994;43:521–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Newton RA. IgG antisperm antibodies attached to sperm do not correlate with infertility following vasovasostomy. Microsurgery. 1988;9:278–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Matson PL, Junk SM, Masters JR, Pryor JP, Yovich JL. The incidence and influence upon fertility of antisperm antibodies in seminal fluid following vasectomy reversal. Int J Androl. 1989;12:98–103.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Gubin DA, Dmochowski R, Kutteh WH. Multivariant analysis of men from infertile couples with and without antisperm antibodies. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1998;39:157–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Meinertz H, Linnet L, Fogh-Anderson P, Hjort T. Antisperm antibodies and fertility after vasovasostomy: a follow-up study of 216 men. Fertil Steril. 1990;54:315–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Ohl DA, Naz RK. Infertility due to antisperm antibodies. Urology. 1995;46:591–602.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Clarke GN. Sperm antibodies in normal men: association with a history of nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol. 1986;12:31–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Shahmanesh M, Stedronska J, Hendry WF. Antispermatozoal antibodies in men with urethritis. Fertil Steril. 1986;46:308–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Close CE, Wang SP, Roberts PL, Berger RE. The relationship of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis to the parameters of male fertility and sperm autoimmunity. Fertil Steril. 1987;48:880–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Soffer Y, Ron-El R, Golan A, Herman A, Caspi E, Samra Z. Male genital mycoplasmas and Chlamydia trachomatis culture: its relationship with accessory gland function, sperm quality, and autoimmunity. Fertil Steril. 1990;53:331–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Micic S, Petrovic S, Dotlic R. Seminal antisperm antibodies and genitourinary infection. Urology. 1990;35:54–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Witkin SS, Jeremias J, Grifo JA, Ledger WJ. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in semen by the polymerase chain reaction in male members of infertile couples. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;168:1457–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Ingerslev HJ, Walter S, Andersen JT, Brandenhoff P, Eldrup J, Geerdsen JP, Scheibel J, Tromholt N, Jensen HM, Hjort T. A prospective study of antisperm antibody development in acute epididymitis. J Urol. 1986;136:162–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Lekili M, Tekgul S, Ergen A, Tasar C, Hascelik G. Acute experimental unilateral orchitis in the rabbit and its effect on fertility. Int Urol Nephrol. 1992;24:291–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Witkin SS, Zelikovsky G. Immunosuppression and sperm antibody formation in men with prostatitis. J Clin Lab Immunol. 1986;21:7–10.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Jarow JP, Kirkland JA Jr, Assimos DG. Association of antisperm antibodies with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. Urology. 1990;36:154–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Marconi M, Pilatz A, Wagenlehner F, Diemer T, Weidner W. Are really antisperm antibodies associated with inflammatory/infectious diseases of the male reproductive tract. Eur Urol. 2009;56:708–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Witkin SS, Toth A. Relationship between genital tract infections, sperm antibodies in seminal fluid and infertility. Fertil Steril. 1983;40:805–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Bozhedomov VA, Lipatova NA, Rokhlikov IM, Alexeev RA, Ushakova IV, Sukhikh GT. Male fertility and varicocoele: role of immune factors. Andrology. 2014;2:51–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Ozen H, Asar G, Gungor S, et al. Varicocele and antisperm antibodies. Int Urol Nephrol. 1985;17:97–101.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Knudson G, Ross L, Stuhldreher D, Houlihan D, Bruns E, Prins G. Prevalence of sperm bound antibodies in infertile men with varicocele: the effect of varicocele ligation on antibody levels and semen response. J Urol. 1994;151:1260–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Gilbert BR, Witkin SS, Goldstein M. Correlation of sperm-bound immunoglobulins with impaired semen analysis in infertile men with varicoceles. Fertil Steril. 1989;52:469–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Marmar JL. The pathophysiology of varicoceles in the light of current molecular and genetic information. Hum Reprod Update. 2001;7:461–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Will MA, Swain J, Fode M, Sonksen J, Christman GM, Ohl D. The great debate: varicocele treatment and impact on fertility. Fertil Steril. 2011;95:841–52.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Shook TE, Nyberg LM, Collins BS, Mathur S. Pathological and immunological effects of surgically induced varicocele in juvenile and adult rats. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol. 1988;17:141–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Oshinsky GS, Rodriguez MV, Mellinger BC. Varicocele-related infertility is not associated with increased sperm-bound antibody. J Urol. 1993;150:871–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Cetinkaya M, Memis A, Adsan O, Beyribey S, Ozturk B. Antispermatozoal antibody values after varicocelectomy. Int Urol Nephrol. 1994;26:89–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Verajankorva E, Laato M, Pollanen P. Analysis of 508 infertile male patients in south-western Finland in 1980–2000: hormonal status and factors predisposing to immunological infertility. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2003;111:173–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Turner IT, Jones CE, Roddy MS. Experimental varicocele does not affect the blood-testis barrier, epididymal electrolyte concentrations, or testicular blood gas concentrations. Biol Reprod. 1987;36:926–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Isitmangil G, Yildirim S, Orhan I, Kadioglu A, Akinci M. A comparison of the sperm mixed-agglutination reaction test with the peroxidase-labelled protein A test for detecting antisperm antibodies in infertile men with varicocele. BJU Int. 1999;84:835–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Trussell JC, Lee PA. The relationship of cryptorchidism to fertility. Curr Urol Rep. 2004;5:142–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Kurpisz M, Nakonechnyy A, Niepieklo-Miniewska W, Havrylyuk A, Kamieniczna M, Nowakowska B, Chopyak V, Kusnierczyk P. Weak association of anti-sperm antibodies and strong association of familial cryptorchidism/infertility with HLA-DRB1 polymorphisms in prepubertal Ukrainian boys. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2011;9:129.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Urry RL, Carrell DT, Starr NT, Snow BW, Middleton RG. The incidence of antisperm antibodies in infertility patients with a history of cryptorchidism. J Urol. 1994;151:381–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Sinisi AA, Pasquali D, Papparella A, Valente A, Orio F, Esposito D, Cobellis G, Cuomo A, Angelone G, Martone A, Fioretti GP, Bellastella A. Antisperm antibodies in cryptorchidism before and after surgery. J Urol. 1998;160:1834–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Mirilas P, De Almeida M. Absence of antisperm surface antibodies in prepubertal boys with cryptorchidism and other anomalies of the inguinoscrotal region before and after surgery. J Urol. 1999;162:177–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Mirilas P, Mamoulakis C, De Almeida M. Puberty does not induce serum antisperm surface antibodies in patients with previously operated cryptorchidism. J Urol. 2003;170:2432–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Sinisi AA, D’Apuzzo A, Pasquali D, Venditto T, Esposito D, Pisano G, De Bellis A, Ventre I, Papparella A, Perrone L, Bellastella A. Antisperm antibodies in prepubertal boys treated with chemotherapy for malignant or non-malignant diseases and in boys with genital tract abnormalities. Int J Androl. 1997;20:23–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Hagenas L, Ploen L, Ritzen EM, Ekwall H. Blood-testis barrier: maintained function of inter-sertoli cell junctions in experimental cryptorchidism in the rat, as judged by a simple lanthanum-immersion technique. Andrologia. 1977;9:250–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Stewart RJ, Boyd S, Brown S, Toner PG. The blood-testis barrier in experimental unilateral cryptorchidism. J Pathol. 1990;160:51–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Kukadia AN, Ercole CJ, Gleich P, Hensleigh H, Pryor JL. Testicular trauma: potential impact on reproductive function. J Urol. 1996;156:1643–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Pogorelic Z, Juric I, Biocic M, Furlan D, Budimir D, Todoric J, Milunovic KP. Management of testicular rupture after blunt trauma in children. Pediatr Surg Int. 2011;27:885–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Harrington TG, Schauer D, Gilbert BR. Percutaneous testis biopsy: an alternative to open testicular biopsy in the evaluation of the subfertile man. J Urol. 1996;156:1647–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Komori K, Tsujimura A, Miura H, Shin M, Takada T, Honda M, Matsumiya K, Fujioka H. Serial follow-up study of serum testosterone and antisperm antibodies in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia after conventional or microdissection testicular sperm extraction. Int J Androl. 2004;27:32–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Ozturk U, Ozdemir E, Dede O, Sagnak L, Goktug HN. Assessment of anti-sperm antibodies in couples after testicular sperm extraction. Clin Invest Med. 2011;34:E179–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Leonhartsberger N, Gozzi C, Akkad T, Springer-Stoehr B, Bartsch G, Steiner H. Organ-sparing surgery does not lead to greater antisperm antibody levels than orchidectomy. BJU Int. 2007;100:371–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Stula I, Druzijanic N, Sapunar A, Perko Z, Bosnjak N, Kraljevic D. Antisperm antibodies and testicular blood flow after inguinal hernia mesh repair. Surg Endosc. 2014;28:3413–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Becker EJ, Prillaman HM, Turner TT. Microvascular blood flow is altered after repair of testicular torsion in the rat. J Urol. 1997;157:1493–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Lievano G, Nguyen L, Radhakrishnan J, Fornell L, John E. New animal model to evaluate testicular blood flow during testicular torsion. J Pediatr Surg. 1999;34:1004–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Harrison RG, Lewis-Jones DI, Moreno de Marval MJ, Connolly RC. Mechanism of damage to the contralateral testis in rats with an ischaemic testis. Lancet. 1981;2:723–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Cosentino MJ, Nishida M, Rabinowitz R, Cockett AT. Histological changes occurring in the contralateral testes of prepubertal rats subjected to various durations of unilateral spermatic cord torsion. J Urol. 1985;133:906–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Henderson JA 4th, Smey P, Cohen MS, Davis CP, Payer AF, Parkening TA, Warren MM. The effect of unilateral testicular torsion on the contralateral testicle in prepubertal Chinese hamsters. J Pediatr Surg. 1985;20:592–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Kurpisz M, Mazurkiewicz I, Fernandez N. Morphological and immunological observations in experimentally induced torsion of testis in rats. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol. 1985;9:129–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Anderson JB, Williamson RC. Fertility after torsion of the spermatic cord. Br J Urol. 1990;65:225–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Arap MA, Vicentini FC, Cocuzza M, Hallak J, Athayde K, Lucon AM, Arap S, Srougi M. Late hormonal levels, semen parameters, and presence of antisperm antibodies in patients treated for testicular torsion. J Androl. 2007;28:528–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Puri P, Barton D, O’Donnell B. Prepubertal testicular torsion: subsequent fertility. J Pediatr Surg. 1985;20:598–601.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Anderson MJ, Dunn JK, Lipshultz LI, Coburn M. Semen quality and endocrine parameters after acute testicular torsion. J Urol. 1992;147:1545–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Patel RP, Kolon TF, Huff DS, Carr MC, Zderic SA, Canning DA, Snyder HM 3rd. Testicular microlithiasis and antisperm antibodies following testicular biopsy in boys with cryptorchidism. J Urol. 2005;174:2008–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Jiang H, Zhu W-J. Testicular microlithiasis is not a risk factor for the production of antisperm antibody in infertile males. Andrologia. 2013;45:305–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Paoli D, Gilio B, Piroli E, Gallo M, Lombardo F, Dondero F, Lenzi A, Gandini L. Testicular tumors as a possible cause of antisperm autoimmune response. Fertil Steril. 2009;91:414–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Guazzieri S, Lembo A, Ferro G, Artibani W, Merlo F, Zanchetta R, Pagano F. Sperm antibodies and infertility in patients with testicular cancer. Urology. 1985;26:139–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Foster RS, Rubin LR, McNulty A, Bihrle R, Dfonohue JP. Detection of antisperm-antibodies in patients with primary testicular cancer. Int J Androl. 1991;14:179–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Hobarth K, Klingler HC, Maier U, Kollaritsch H. Incidence of antisperm antibodies in patients with carcinoma of the testis and in subfertile men with normogonadotropic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Urol Int. 1994;52:162–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Witkin SS, Sonnabend J, Richards J, et al. Induction of antibody to asialo-GMI by spermatozoa and its occurrence in the sera of homosexual men with the Acquired Immune-deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Clin Exp Immunol. 1983;4:346–50.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Richards J, Bedford T, Witkin S. Rectal insemination modifies immune responses in rabbits. Science. 1984;224:390–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Witkin S, Sonnabend J. Immune responses to spermatozoa in homosexual men. Fertil Steril. 1983;39:337–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Wolff H, Schill WB. Antisperm antibodies in infertile and homosexual men: relationship to serological and clinical findings. Fertil Steril. 1985;44:673–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Adams LE, Donovan-Brand R, Fieldman-Kein A, el Ramahi K, Hess EV. Sperm and seminal plasma antibodies in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and other associated syndromes. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1988;46:442–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Mulhall BP, Fieldhouse S, Clark S, Carter L, Harrison L, Donovan B, Short RV. Anti-sperm antibodies in homosexual men: prevalence and correlation with sexual behaviour. Genitourin Med. 1990;66:5–7.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  95. Naz RK, Ellaurie M, Phillips TM, Hall J. Antisperm antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus infection: effects on fertilization and embryonic development. Biol Reprod. 1990;42:859–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Stern JE, Nelson TS, Gibson SH, Colby E. Antisperm antibodies in female mice: responses following intrauterine immunization. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1994;31:211–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Sands M, Phair JP, Hyprikar J, Hanses C, Brown RB. A study on antisperm antibody in homosexual men. J Med. 1985;16:483–91.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Beretta G, Zanollo A, Chelo E, Livi C, Scarselli G. Seminal parameters and auto-immunity in paraplegic/quadraplegic men. Acta Eur Fertil. 1987;18:203–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Hirsch IH, Sedor J, Callahan HJ, Staas WE. Antisperm antibodies in seminal plasma of spinal cord-injured men. Urology. 1992;39:243–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Dahlberg A, Hovatta O. Anejaculation following spinal cord injury does not induce sperm-agglutinating antibodies. Int J Androl. 1989;12:17–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Menge AC, Ohl DA, Denil J, Korte MK, Keller L, McCabe M. Absence of antisperm antibodies in anejaculatory men. J Androl. 1990;11:396–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Siosteen A, Steen Y, Forssman L, Sullivan L. Auto-immunity to spermatozoa and quality of semen in men with spinal cord injury. Int J Fertil. 1993;38:117–22.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Shiraishi Y, Shibahara H, Koriyama J, Hirano Y, Okazaki H, Minota S, Suzuki M. Incidence of antisperm antibodies in males with systemic autoimmune diseases. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2009;61:183–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan

    Hiroaki Shibahara

Authors
  1. Hiroaki Shibahara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hiroaki Shibahara .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan

    Hiroaki Shibahara

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan

    Akiko Hasegawa

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Shibahara, H. (2022). Production of Anti-sperm Antibody (ASA) in Men. In: Shibahara, H., Hasegawa, A. (eds) Gamete Immunology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9625-1_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation