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Globalization, Localization, and the 1990s: “Liberal” Hour Knocking on Mexico’s Door

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Global-Local Tradeoffs, Order-Disorder Consequences

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Abstract

Mexico’s sudden shift from import substitution to trade liberalism in the 1990s raises a pertinent question: how were 70-years of corporatist/protectionist structures changed? We examine both subnational and supranational pressures, the first through the roles of the media in the 1994 and 2000 presidential elections, the 1994 Chiapas challenge, and the 1995 Barzón uprising of debtors; and the second through the four dispute settlement arrangements under newly adopted arrangements (for trade, investment, labor, and environmental). We find the state in both greater demand and more exposed than ever before: (a) stubborn controls loosened amid spiraling democracy-driven new demands; and (b) its partnership with societal groups and supranational institutions were too frail to permit NAFTA dispute settlement arrangements to enhance a supranational or globalizing commitment. No extant paradigm could explain these new “liberal” developments, though useful insights and descriptive labels from Roseanu’s turbulence theory help. Given how corporatism and regionalism pervade Latin America, Mexico’s fragmegrative, glocalizing, and chaord predicaments could also become a Latin feature.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Global Studies & Governance Department, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Imtiaz A. Hussain

  2. LDV Research Partners, Mexico City, Mexico

    Galia Rosemberg

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    Imtiaz A. Hussain

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Hussain, I.A., Rosemberg, G. (2022). Globalization, Localization, and the 1990s: “Liberal” Hour Knocking on Mexico’s Door. In: Hussain, I.A. (eds) Global-Local Tradeoffs, Order-Disorder Consequences. Global Political Transitions. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9419-6_11

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