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Global Picture of COVID-19 Pandemic with Emphasis on European Subcontinent

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Health Care Waste Management and COVID 19 Pandemic

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Abstract

The world has been under immense pressure since the beginning of 2020 due to an extraordinary respiratory pathogen SARS-CoV-2 which immerged from Wuhan, China, and spread over the entire globe. This extraordinary virus has stunning transmission capability from human to human, which has infected more than 198 million people across the world with 4.2 million deaths as of July 29, 2021. The world healthcare system is under tremendous stress, and the global economy is facing the deepest recession after the Great Depression of the 1930s due to this pandemic condition. We here briefly describe the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and compare the epidemiological burden of the ten most affected countries in the world. The current epidemiological status of three European countries is demonstrated with respect to their real-time reproduction number. This transmission potentiality measure indicates that Italy, Spain, and France should continue to take strict containment measures to avoid a fourth wave of COVID-19. To get rid of this disease, the one-point target of the policymakers should be to accomplish mass-scale vaccination.

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Acknowledgment

Research of A.M. is supported by CSIR, India, File No: 09/096(0874)/2017-EMR-I and Research of N.B. is supported by SERB MATRICS, File Number: MSC/2020/000020.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Mathematical Biology and Ecology, Department of Mathematics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

    Abhijit Majumder & Nandadulal Bairagi

  2. Department of Applied Mathematics, Maharaja Bir Bikram University, Agartala, India

    Debadatta Adak

  3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KSDJ Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India

    Tapas Kumar Bala

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  1. Abhijit Majumder
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  2. Debadatta Adak
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  3. Tapas Kumar Bala
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  4. Nandadulal Bairagi
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Correspondence to Nandadulal Bairagi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

    Sadhan Kumar Ghosh

  2. Center on Sustainable Development, Sunway University, Banndar Sunway, Malaysia

    Pariatamby Agamuthu

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Majumder, A., Adak, D., Bala, T.K., Bairagi, N. (2022). Global Picture of COVID-19 Pandemic with Emphasis on European Subcontinent. In: Ghosh, S.K., Agamuthu, P. (eds) Health Care Waste Management and COVID 19 Pandemic. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9336-6_11

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