Skip to main content

Optimal Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Recent Innovations in Computing

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering ((LNEE,volume 855))

  • 730 Accesses

Abstract

Optimal route selection is very important inside the wireless sensor network which affects the network energy. It is very important to use energy efficient manner to send packets from sensor nodes to base station. Network life-time can be incremented through Residual Energy. Many literature surveys have been conducted regarding energy efficient in WSNS. But there is still a need for a methodical review (MR) to detect valid problems in WSN to select route. In this paper, the energy efficient techniques have been reviewed based on selection criteria and quality validation. Here many algorithms are described which are based on load balancing, transmission cost and energy consumption. Through the Systematic Review, it is found that energy consumption is a huge issue in WSNs. The paper also shows drawback of existing research which consume more energy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. R. Sandhya, N. Sengottaiyan, S-SEECH secured- scalable energy efficient clustering hierarchy protocol for wireless sensor network, in International Conference on Data Mining and Advanced Computing (SAPIENCE), Ernakulam, pp. 306–309 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  2. R. Cohen, B. Kapchits, Energy-delay optimization in an asynchronous sensor network with multiple gateways, in 8th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, Salt Lake City, pp. 98–106 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  3. V. Bahale, M. Pund, Performance evaluation of SCERP: a cluster based network lifetime improvement protocol for WSN. Int. Res. J. Eng. Tech. 04, 2462–2469 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  4. K. Awan, A. Ali, F. Aadil, K. Qureshi, Energy efficient cluster based routing algorithm for wireless sensors networks. International Conference on Advancements in Computational Sciences (ICACS), Lahore, pp. 1–7 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  5. J. Shen, A. Wang, C. Wang, P. Hung, C. Lai, An efficient centroid-based routing protocol for energy management in WSN-assisted IoT. IEEE Access 5, 18469–18479 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. W. Zhu, J. Cao, M. Raynal, Energy-efficient composite event detection in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Commun. Lett. 22(1), 177–180 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  7. C. Suescun, M. Cardei, Event-based clustering for composite event detection in wireless sensors networks. IEEE 35th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC), Las Vegas, pp. 1–8 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  8. B. Kitchenham, O. Brereton, D. Dudgen, M. Turner, J. Bailey, S. Linkman, Systematic literature review in software engineering—a systematic literature review. Inf. Softw. Technol. 51(1), 7–15 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. K. Biswas, V. Muthukkumarasamy, E. Sithirasenan, K. Singh, An energy aware heuristic-based routing protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks. 17th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT), Dhaka, pp 53–58 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  10. M. Razzaq, D. Ningombam, S. Shin, Energy efficient K-means clustering-based routing protocol for WSN using optimal packet size, in International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN), Chiang Mai, pp. 632–635 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  11. L. Devi, A. Rao, Optimization of energy in wire- less sensor networks using clustering techniques, in Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES), Coimbatore, pp. 1–4 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  12. T. Huynh, A. Dinh, C. Tran, Delay-constrained energy-efficient cluster-based multi-hop routing in wireless sensor networks. J. Commun. Netw. 18(4), 580–588 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Y. Istwal, S. Verma, Dual cluster head routing protocol in WSN. 8th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), Delhi, pp 1–6 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  14. W. Abushiba, P. Johnson, S. Alharthi, C. Wright, An energy efficient and adaptive clustering for wireless sensor network (CH-leach) using leach protocol, in 13th International Computer Engineering Conference (ICENCO), Cairo, pp. 50–54 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  15. P. Khandor, A. Chand, Reactive energy efficient hetero- geneous clustering based routing protocol for WSN. International Conference on Wireless Communication, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET), Chennai, pp. 22–24 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  16. W. Wu, N. Xiong, C. Wu, Improved clustering algorithm based on energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. IET Netw. 6(3), 47–53 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. W. Zhang, L. Li, G. Han, L. Zhang, E2HRC: an energy-efficient heterogeneous ring clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access 5, 1702–1713 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. B. Sun, D. Li, A comprehensive trust aware routing protocol with multi-attributes for WSN. IEEE Access 6, 4725–4741 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. A. Khan, K. Saghar, R. Ahmad, A. Kiani, RAEED-EA: a formally analyzed energy efficient WSN routing protocol. 13th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST), Islamabad, pp 346–349 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  20. N. Kumar, Y. Singh, An energy efficient and trust management based opportunistic routing metric for wireless sensor net- works, in Fourth International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC), Waknaghat, pp. 611–616 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  21. V. Bawage, D. Mehetre Energy efficient Secured Routing model for wireless sensor networks. International Conference on Automatic Control and Dynamic Optimization Techniques (ICACDOT), Pune, pp. 865–869 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  22. N. Khan, K. Saghar, R. Ahmad, A. Kiani, Achieving energy efficiency through load balancing: A comparison through formal verification of two WSN routing protocols, in 13th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST), Islamabad, pp. 350–354 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  23. N. Kumar, Y. Singh, Trust and packet load balancing based secure opportunistic routing protocol for WSN, in 4thInternational Conference in Signal Processing, Computing and Control (ISPCC), Solan, pp. 463–467 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  24. B. AnandaKrishna, N. Madhuri, M. Rao, B. VijaySekar, Implementation of a novel cryptographic algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks. Conference on Signal Processing And Communication Engineering Systems (SPACES), Vijayawada, pp. 149–153 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  25. R. Vadlamudi, S. Umar, A review of APTEEN in wireless sensor networks. Int. J. Sci. Eng. Comput. Technol. 3(9), 306 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  26. K. Sharma, M. Ghose, Security model for hierarchical clustered wireless sensor networks. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Secur. IJCSS 5(1), 85–97 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  27. A. Ahmed, M. Younis, A survey on clustering algorithms for wireless sensor. Comput. Commun. 30, 2826–2841 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. S. Lindsey, C. Raghavendra, PEGASIS: Power- efficient gathering in sensor information systems, In Proceedings, IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, pp. 1–6 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  29. O. Younis, S. Fahmy, HEED: a hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach for ad hoc sensor networks. IEEE J. Mag. 3(4), 366–379 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Y. Li, L. Guo, S. Prasad, An Energy-Efficient Distributed Algorithm for Minimum-Latency Aggregation Scheduling in Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE 30th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, Genova, pp. 827–836 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  31. T. Huynh, C. Hong, An Energy Delay Efficient Multi-Hop Routing Scheme for WSN transactions on information and systems (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  32. B. Shi, W. Zhang, G. Xue, J. Tang, C. Wang, DEAR: delay-bounded energy-constrained adaptive routing in wireless sensor networks. Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, Orlando, pp. 1593–1160 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  33. H. Ammari, On the energy-delay trade-off in geographic forwarding in always-on wireless sensor networks: a multi-objective optimization problem. Sci. Direct. 57(9), 1913–1935 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  34. J. Shen, A. Wang, C. Wang, Y. Ren, J. Wang, Performance comparison of typical and improved LEACH protocols in wireless sensor network. First International Conference on Computational Intelligence Theory, Systems and Applications (CCITSA), Yilan, pp. 187–192 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  35. M. Handy, M. Haase, D. Timmermann, Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy with deterministic cluster-head selection, in 4th International Workshop on Mobile and Wireless Communications Network, Stockholm, pp. 368–372 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  36. W. Abushiba, P. Johnson, S. Alharthi, W. Wright, An energy efficient and adaptive clustering for wireless sensor network (CH-leach) using leach protocol, in 13th International Computer Engineering Conference (ICENCO), Cairo, pp. 50–54 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  37. J. Zheng, A. Jamalipour, Energy efficiency and power control, in Wireless sensor network a networking perspective (eds), pp. 307–337, Wiley-IEEE Press (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  38. C. Ioannou, V. Vassiliou, C. Sergiou, an intrusion detection system for wireless sensor networks, in 24th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT), Limassol, pp. 1–5 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  39. A. Diop, Qi., Q. Wang, S. Hussain, An advanced survey on secure energy-efficient hierarchical routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. Int. J. Comp. Sci. 10(1), 1–11 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  40. U. Patel, S. Modi, B. Suma, A survey: MAC layer protocol for wireless sensor networks. Int. J. Emerge Technol. Adv. Eng. 3(9), 203–211 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  41. A. Patle, N. Gupta, Vulnerabilities, attack effect and different security scheme in WSN: a survey, in International Conference on ICT in Business Industry & Government (ICTBIG), pp. 1–6 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  42. A. Pathan, L. Hung, H. Chong, Security in wireless sensor networks: issues and challenges. 8thInternational Conference Advanced Communication Technology, Phoenix Park, 2006, pp. 1048 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  43. S. Avancha, A holistic approach to secure sensor networks (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks | Wiley Online Book (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  45. G. Smaragdakis, I. Matta, A. Bestavros, SEP: a stable election protocol for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Boston University Computer Science Department (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  46. F. Aderohunmu, J. Deng, An enhanced stable election protocol for WSN, Department of Information Science, New Zealand (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  47. N. Javaid, S. Mohammad, K. Latif, U. Qasim, Z. Khan, M. Khan, HEER: Hybrid energy efficient reactive protocol for wireless sensor networks, in Electronics, Communications and Photonics Conference (SIECPC), Saudi International, pp. 1–4 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  48. T. Sharma, B. Kumar, G. Tomar, Performance Comparison of LEACH, SEP and DEEC Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  49. L. Mahajan, N. Sharma, Improving the stable period of WSN using dynamic Stable leach Election Protocol, in International Conference on Issues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT), pp. 393–400 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  50. X. Zheng, Y. Feng, J. Yang, Z. Lu, Energy efficient and fault tolerant routing protocol for mobile wireless sensor networks, in International Conference on Information and Communications Technologies (ICT), pp. 1–5 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Y. Li, C. Ai, C. Vu, Y. Pan, R. Beyah, Delay-bounded and energy-efficient composite event monitoring in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 21(9), pp. 1373–1385 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  52. K. Romer, F. Mattern, Event-based systems for detecting real-world states with sensor networks: a critical analysis. Proceedings of the Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing Conference, Melbourne, pp. 389–395 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  53. C. Suescun, M. Cardei, Event-based clustering for composite event detection in wireless sensors networks, in IEEE 35th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC), Las Vegas, pp. 1–8 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  54. K. Liu, N. Abu-Ghazaleh, K. Kang, Location verification and trust management for resilient geographic routing. J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 67(2), 215–228 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. S. Biswas, R. Morris, Ex-OR: opportunistic multi-hop routing for wireless networks, in Proceedings of the Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications, New York, NY, USA, 35(4), pp. 133–144 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  56. V. Mohindru, Y. Singh, Efficient approach for securing message communication in wireless sensor networks from node clone attack. Indian J. Sci. Technol. (9), 32 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  57. P. Gong, T. Chen, Q. Xu, ETARP: an energy efficient trust-aware routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. J. Sens. 7, 1–10 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. A. Ahmed, K. Bakar, I. Channa, A. Khan, A secure routing protocol with trust and energy awareness for wireless sensor network. Mob. Netw. Appl. 21(2), 272–285 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. H. Liu, B. Zhang, H. Mouftah, X. Shen, J. Ma, Opportunistic routing for wireless ad hoc and sensor networks: Present and future directions. IEEE Commun. Mag. 47(12) (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  60. S. Das, Filters, wrappers and a boosting-based hybrid for feature selection. In Icml 1, 74–81 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  61. Z. Zhang, X. Chu, Risk prioritization and failure mode and effects analysis under certainty, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  62. H. Chen, Z. Han, Z. Fu, Quantitative trustworthy evaluation scheme for trust routing scheme in wireless sensor network (IEEE Trustcom/BigDataSE/ISPA, Helsinki, Finland, 2015), pp. 20–24

    Google Scholar 

  63. M. Zhang, R. Zheng, Q. Wu, W. Wei, X. Bai, H. Zhao, B-iTRS: a bio-inspired trusted routing scheme for wireless sensor networks. J. Sens. (5), 1–8 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  64. Z. Chen, M. He, W. Liang, K. Chen, Trust-aware and low energy consumption security topology protocol of wireless sensor network. J. Sens. 6(201), 1–10 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  65. Z. Hu, Y. Bie, H. Zhao, Trusted tree- based trust management scheme for secure routing in wireless sensor networks. Int. J. Distrib. (2 015)

    Google Scholar 

  66. M. Yarvis, N. Kushalnagar, H. Singh, A. Rangarajan, Y. Liu, S. Singh, Exploiting heterogeneity in sensor networks, in INFOCOM 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Proceedings IEEE, vol. 2, pp. 878–890

    Google Scholar 

  67. C. Karloff, D. Wagner, Secure routing in wireless sensor networks: attacks and countermeasures. Proceedings of the First IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications, Anchorage, pp. 113–127 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  68. M. Jan, P. Nanda, X. He, R. Liu, A Sybil attack detection scheme for a centralized clustering-based hierarchical net- work. Trustcom/BigDataSE/ISPA IEEE 1, 318–325 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. V. Pamula, A. Tripartite, Performance of selection combiner over Nakagami fading channel with Laplace Cochannel Interference, IEICE Commun. Express, pp. 94 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  70. I. Dhillon, Y. Guan, B. Kulis, Drawback of k-mean, Proceedings of the tenth ACM SIGKDD international Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, New York, NY, US (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  71. K. Saghar, Formal modelling and analysis of denial of services attacks in wireless sensor networks, Ph.D. Thesis, Northumbria University (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  72. A. Sari, E. Caglar, Load balancing algorithms and protocols to enhance quality of service and performance in data of wsn, in Security and Resilience in Intelligent Data-Centric Systems and Communication Networks, Elsevier, pp. 143–178 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  73. J. Li, A symmetric cryptographic algorithm in wsn security. Int. J. Online Eng. IJOE 13(11), 102–110 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. P. Mohanty, S. Panigrahi, N. Sarma, Security issues in wireless sensor network data gathering protocols: a survey. J. Theoret. Appl. Inform. Technol. Tezpur (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  75. J. Kelsey, B. Schneier, D. Wagner, Hall (C. Cryptanalytic attacks on pseudorandom number generators, In International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption, 1998), pp. 168–188

    Google Scholar 

  76. Y. Liu, Q. Wu, T. Zhao, Y. Tie, F. Bai, M. Jin, An improved energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Sensors 19(20), 4579 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Kaur, J., Rattan, P., Dahiya, B.P., Reenu (2022). Optimal Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review. In: Singh, P.K., Singh, Y., Chhabra, J.K., Illés, Z., Verma, C. (eds) Recent Innovations in Computing. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 855. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8892-8_26

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics