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Removal of Pharmaceutical Compounds: Overview of Treatment Methods

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New Trends in Emerging Environmental Contaminants

Part of the book series: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability ((ENENSU))

Abstract

As human lifestyle is improved over the years due to technological, medical and many more developments but in the same time, it has also increased new environment and health challenges. The Emerging contaminants (ECs) are uncontrolled disposal of pollutants, they include group of synthetic chemicals in worldwide use such as water disinfection by-products, pharmaceuticals, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, gasoline additives, and man-made nanomaterials, etc. Pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) are the emerging pollutants, which need to be regulated. They have large potential of causing environment damage, ecosystems as well as human and animal health. Due to huge consumption of pharmaceuticals, effluents contains anti-diabetics, stimulant drugs, and antimicrobials compounds and many more. The decomposition of ECs is dependent on the chemical and biological persistence of ECs, their physicochemical characteristics, the technique applied, etc. The methods to trace and degrade/remove the PCs are very critical to address the issue. Several techniques have been adopted to minimize their hazards like adsorption, coagulation, constructed wetland, advanced oxidation process, membrane reactors (reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, microfiltration, etc.) and photocatalysis, etc. In this chapter, the different types of PCs and their affects will be summarized. The techniques involved to remove/degrade the compounds will also be discussed.

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517506, India

    Chinthalapudi Naga Lakshmi & Narendra Singh

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  1. Chinthalapudi Naga Lakshmi
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  1. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Swatantra P. Singh

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Avinash Kumar Agarwal

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Tarun Gupta

  4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Shihabudheen M. Maliyekkal

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Lakshmi, C.N., Singh, N. (2022). Removal of Pharmaceutical Compounds: Overview of Treatment Methods. In: P. Singh, S., Agarwal, A.K., Gupta, T., Maliyekkal, S.M. (eds) New Trends in Emerging Environmental Contaminants. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8367-1_8

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