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Generation and Maturation of Macroglia in the Central Nervous System

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The Biology of Glial Cells: Recent Advances

Abstract

Nervous system development is a dynamic process that follows a highly constrained and genetically organised pattern leading to the generation of a complex framework for guiding human behaviour. Generation of an appropriate number of neurons and glia at the correct time and location is crucial for the proper development of the neural circuitry and mental functions. The neural epithelial cells (NEPs) undergo a stereotyped programme of cell division to generate both neurons and macroglia through progressive differentiation and commitment. A number of evolutionarily conserved signalling factors direct the progenitors to decide whether to self-renew or generate neurons or various glial cells via activating a specified programme of transcription factor expression in target cells. In the present chapter, we will provide an overview regarding the cellular and molecular basis of the generation of various macroglia (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and NG2 glia) as well as the developmental mechanisms that direct these cells to acquire specific glial identities in the developing central nervous system. This will strengthen our understanding to explore how these mechanisms can be used to design curative therapeutic strategies for various neurodevelopmental disorders and promote the regeneration and repair of the central nervous system.

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Acknowledgements

The Department of Biotechnology’s support through the DBT-National Initiative on Glial Cell Research in Health and Disease is gratefully acknowledged. We are thankful to the Department of Biotechnology, the Department of Science and Technology and the Indian Council of Medical Research, Govt. of India, for their financial support through various grants. We are thankful to Dr. Urmishree Bedamatta for critically evaluating the manuscript for its English.

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  1. School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India

    Nisha Patro & Ishan Patro

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  1. Nisha Patro
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  1. School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Ishan Patro

  2. Cellular and Molecular Neurosciences, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India

    Pankaj Seth

  3. School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Nisha Patro

  4. National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India

    Prakash Narain Tandon

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Patro, N., Patro, I. (2022). Generation and Maturation of Macroglia in the Central Nervous System. In: Patro, I., Seth, P., Patro, N., Tandon, P.N. (eds) The Biology of Glial Cells: Recent Advances. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8313-8_6

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