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Measuring Particle Concentrations and Composition in Indoor Air

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Handbook of Indoor Air Quality

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Abstract

This chapter focuses on methods to measure the mass concentrations of airborne particulate matter, its chemical composition, and the particle number concentrations and the size distributions in indoor air. Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of inorganic and organic compounds with semivolatile components making accurate determinations of its properties difficult. Many of the methods are derived from measurements in the ambient air, but with the simplification that the indoor environment is protected from precipitation and generally from large variations in temperature and relative humidity. PM measurements first collected integral filters that were weighed to obtain the mass of material separated from a known volume of air to obtain the PM mass concentration typically in units of μg/m3. These samples can be subjected to separation and analysis methods to determine its chemical constituents including elements, ions, collective carbonaceous species, and individual organic compounds. Continuous PM mass measurement systems have been developed based on beta attenuation, oscillating microbalances, and light scattering. There have been major recent developments of low-cost light scattering monitors that permit the use of multiple monitors to simultaneously obtain more detailed data from multiple locations. Particle counting methods date to the late nineteenth century, but have been refined to permit detection of particles as small as 1 nm. These units can be combined with electrical mobility separation to provide particle size distributions. Particle size is important since it determines the penetration and deposition into the human respiratory and the aerosol dynamics in the indoor space. A number of studies employing these methods have been summarized to provide access to the literature to determine the details of how individual studies were conducted. Such information will help in the design of future studies of particle in indoor air.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. United States Environmental Protection Agency (Retired), Santa Rosa, CA, USA

    Lance Wallace

  2. Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA

    Philip K. Hopke

  3. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA

    Philip K. Hopke

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  1. Lance Wallace
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  1. Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

    Yinping Zhang

  2. Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA

    Philip K. Hopke

  3. Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Marne-La-Vallée, France

    Corinne Mandin

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Wallace, L., Hopke, P.K. (2022). Measuring Particle Concentrations and Composition in Indoor Air. In: Zhang, Y., Hopke, P.K., Mandin, C. (eds) Handbook of Indoor Air Quality. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7680-2_19

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