Abstract
The particle swarm optimization (PSO) tuned PI-PID controllers for load frequency control for the hybrid integrated system of thermal, hydro, and gas power plants, as well as an HDVC connection, are presented in this paper. The purpose of this study is to reduce frequency fluctuations of areas and the power of transmission lines due to failure or sudden load change. With and without the HVDC connection, the system output is evaluated. PI-PID controller gains are also determined using the (PSO) formula with the integral time absolute error (ITAE) as the objective function. Through the PSO, the parameters were obtained in proportion to the performance of the system to achieve the best results for each peak overshoot, settling time, and minimum undershoot. Furthermore, the dynamic output of the proposed system has examined its response to load changes that are considered to be 1% phase load disruption (SLP) implemented in area 1. Finally, it has been found that the efficiency of the controller proposed is higher than that of the controller configured for (DE).
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Appendix
B1 = B2 = 0.4312 P.U. MW/Hz; PRT = 2000 MW; PL = 1840 MW; R1 = R2 = R3 = 2.4 Hz/p.u.; TSG = 0.08 s; TT = 0.3 s; KR = 0.3; TR = 10 s; KPS1 = KPS2 = 68.9566 Hz/p.u. MW; TPS1 = TPS2 = 11.49 s; T12 = 0.0433; A12 = 1; TW = 1 s; TRS = 5 s; TRH = 28.75 s; TGH = 0.2 s; XC = 0.6 s; YC = 1 s; CG = 1; BG = 0.05 s; TF = 0.23 s; TCR = 0.01 s; TCD = 0.2 s; KT = 0.54347; KH = 0.32608; KG = 0.13043; KDC = 1; TDC = 0.2 s.
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Deeb, M.A., Debnath, M.K. (2022). Optimal LFC of Multi-area Interconnected System Applying PI-PID Cascaded Controller. In: Mishra, M., Sharma, R., Kumar Rathore, A., Nayak, J., Naik, B. (eds) Innovation in Electrical Power Engineering, Communication, and Computing Technology. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 814. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7076-3_6
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