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A Review on Life Cycle Assessment of Various Dairy Products

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Recent Advances in Operations Management Applications

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering ((LNME))

Abstract

Life cycle Assessment is an organised tool, defined by ISO 14040: 2006, generally used to assess the environmental impact throughout product life cycle (from beginning to recycle or disposal). Globally 107 kg per capita per year milk is being consumed by the world population. In this paper a snapshot has been presented for environmental LCA in dairy industry. Dairy industry has been responsible for the emission of 4% of total global anthropogenic greenhouse gases. India and Australia are the most GHG producing country in post firm gate processing. Methane gas is the most dominating factor for the Greenhouse gas emission by dairy products. Most variation on post firm gate has been occurred due to the use of various packaging materials, transportation, different processing method in industries, and energy consumption. Cheese is the most studied dairy product. Fertilisers use, production of agriculture products and manure management are the main drivers at pre firm or milk production emission. Mostly researchers 10 out of 15 were used Global warming potential as impact assessment. Eco-invent was the most utilised database along with Impact 2002+ as the most utilised Impact assessment tool. To reduce carbon footprint, use of renewable energy (as availability) and energy efficient equipment’s are the most common recommendations.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Patna, Patna, India

    Mukesh Kumar & Vikas Kumar Choubey

Authors
  1. Mukesh Kumar
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  2. Vikas Kumar Choubey
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vikas Kumar Choubey .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India

    Anish Sachdeva

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India

    Pradeep Kumar

  3. Reliability & Maintainability Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA

    O. P. Yadav

  4. Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India

    Mohit Tyagi

Appendix

Appendix

1.1 Abbreviations

AP:

Acidification potential

PMRI:

Particulate matter/respiratory inorganics

CED:

Cumulative energy demand

EC:

Energy consumption

EP:

Eutrophication potential

FD:

Freshwater depletion

FEP:

Freshwater eutrophication potential

GWP:

Global warming potential

HT:

Human toxicity

LC:

Land competition/use

MEP:

Marine eutrophication potential

OD:

Ozone depletion

PS:

Photochemical smog

TET:

Terrestrial ecotoxicity

WC:

Water consumption

GHG:

Greenhouse gas

EQ:

Ecosystem quality

FPCM:

Fat and protein corrected milk

ECM:

Energy corrected milk

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Kumar, M., Choubey, V.K. (2022). A Review on Life Cycle Assessment of Various Dairy Products. In: Sachdeva, A., Kumar, P., Yadav, O.P., Tyagi, M. (eds) Recent Advances in Operations Management Applications. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7059-6_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7059-6_8

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-16-7058-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-16-7059-6

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