Abstract
The process of producing proteins from nucleotides is termed as gene expression. Genetic information present in the DNA, is first rewritten, generating RNA, the process of which, is termed as transcription. During transcription, starting with a DNA template, RNA is essentially synthesized (Fig. 10.1). The three major types of RNA generated during transcription are tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA. Other non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are also generated. The term “coding RNA” refers to RNAs that are translated to proteins, whereas “non-coding RNA” refers to RNAs that do not code for proteins. Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) serve as templates for translation, and ncRNAs are involved in many regulatory functions in the cell. Recent emerging trends have suggested that many proteins play dual roles, and these are referred to as bifunctional (bifRNAs). Every single gene is transcribed into several copies of mRNA, and each mRNA molecule is capable of generating identical copies of a single protein. The amount of a protein synthesized from a gene is regulated during transcription and translation.
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Sharma, M.G. (2022). RNA Transcription. In: Kar, D., Sarkar, S. (eds) Genetics Fundamentals Notes. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7041-1_10
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