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Advancements in the Field of Oral, Intravenous, and Inhaled Immunomodulators Using Nanotechnology

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Immunomodulators and Human Health

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Abstract

Despite a great progress in the field of conventional delivery of immunomodulators, development of newer techniques and drugs is greatly required due to intrinsic instability of immunomodulators in vivo, related toxicity, and the required multiple administrations. Nanotechnology has emerged as an effective platform for overcoming these problems associated with conventional delivery of immunomodulators. Oral, intravenous, or inhalation route is used for the administration of immunomodulators during lung diseases or cancer for the release of different types of peptides, nucleic acids, as well as drugs to the site of action, and this efficacy is further enhanced by implementation of nanotechnology. Nanosized drug delivery systems create an occasion to enhance the cellular and humoral immune responses. Nanoscale size particles also facilitate uptake by the mucosa as well as gut-associated lymphoid tissue and the phagocytic cells that efficiently recognized and present an antigen. A number of studies on various types of lung diseases have shown advantages of inhaled and intravenous nanomedicines by direct local deliverance of immunomodulators specifically to the diseased cell. Other advantages of using nanoparticles include greater surface-volume ratio and variable surfaces for specific delivering of the immunomodulators to specific cells. The focus of this chapter is on summarizing the recent condition and developing way in such nanotechnology-based oral, intravenous, and inhaled immunotherapy as well as the function of nanosize particles as a carrier of immunomodulators, and depots for sustained immunostimulation along with associated advantages and limitations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India

    Ravinder Verma & Deepak Kaushik

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indira Gandhi University, Rewari, India

    Deepika Purohit

  3. Shri Baba Mastnath Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Mastnath University, Rohtak, India

    Pawan Jalwal

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurugram University, Gurugram, India

    Parijat Pandey

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  1. Ravinder Verma
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  2. Deepika Purohit
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  1. Department of Computer Application, Nehru Gram Bharati (Deemed to be University), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Rajesh K. Kesharwani

  2. Faculty of B. Pharmacy, CSM Group of Institutions, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Raj K. Keservani

  3. Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India

    Anil K. Sharma

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Verma, R., Purohit, D., Jalwal, P., Kaushik, D., Pandey, P. (2022). Advancements in the Field of Oral, Intravenous, and Inhaled Immunomodulators Using Nanotechnology. In: Kesharwani, R.K., Keservani, R.K., Sharma, A.K. (eds) Immunomodulators and Human Health. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6379-6_6

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