Challenges and Future Prospect of Nanoparticles in Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Tissue engineering (TE) is a process where the damaged tissues and organs are recovered in a natural process using the patient’s physiological system. This involves fully repairing or regenerating damaged organs and tissues which also helps in restoring their functions. This process is established with the use of nanobiomaterials where the surfaces are developed with the required surface topography to accommodate biologically active substances that favor tissue growth. Nano-bioceramics represent the main constituent in human bones and offer new potential in the development of scaffolds and coatings for use in orthopedic and dental applications. The development of nano-bioceramic surfaces on implant alloys is always a challenge as the mechanical and biological properties of these coatings have to be optimized, which otherwise will result in the failure of the implants. Bioinspired nano-bioceramics coatings developed by electrophoretic deposition and dip coating for tissue engineering applications are presented along with their properties. Nano-bioceramic scaffolds and coatings with drug-loaded systems can be used to enhance the growth of bone grafts using tissue engineering which would offer new opportunities to biomedical scientists, engineers, and clinicians to come up with a new range of medical devices. Custom-made fabrication and large-scale production of nanomaterial-based tissue-engineered devices is the challenge that needs to be addressed.