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Polish Enforcement Law in Civil Cases General Characteristics and Directions of Development

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Effective Enforcement of Creditors’ Rights

Part of the book series: Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice ((IUSGENT,volume 91))

Abstract

Enforcement proceedings in Polish law have been regulated in the Civil Procedure Code (CPC) since the interwar period, together with the examination proceedings, interim remedy proceedings and issues relating to international civil procedure. The aim of this article is  to illustrate the current trends in the development of Polish enforcement law. The subsequent comment will focus on a few selected groups of issues or on a few selected issues. The first issue to be tackled is the issue of transformations in terms of the systemic position of a judicial enforcement officer as an enforcement authority. The second issue to be presented is the solutions in Polish law that apply to obtainment of information (in a broad sense of the term) in enforcement proceedings, including in particular information on the debtor’s property. The third topic to be specified is the extent and the form in which enforcement proceedings in Poland are computerised. The fourth topic to be discussed is the newest regulations on debtor protection in the enforcement proceedings. And the fifth, and final topic to be presented is anew method of enforcing non-monetary obligations, which was implemented fairly recently; as part of that method, the debtor is required to pay the creditor anadequate sum (the mandatory sum); the method is inspired by solutions applied in Romanic countries.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The first Polish code of 1930–32. The currently effective Code of 1964. For more information on the Polish enforcement proceedings in general, cf. T. Ereciński, Civil procedure, [in:] Introduction to Polish Law, ed. T. Frankowski, Hague 2005, pp. 141–145; F. Zedler, Civil Procedure, [in:] Handbook of Polish Law, eds. W. Dajczak, A.J. Szwarc, P. Wiliński, Warsaw 2011, pp. 644–651.

  2. 2.

    K. Weitz, Die Bedeutung der Rezeption für die Entwicklung des polnischen Zivilprozessrechts, Ritsumeikan Law Review. International Edition, 2010, no. 27, p. 141ff.

  3. 3.

    P. Rylski, K. Weitz, The Impact of the Russian Civil Judicial Proceedings Act of 1864 on the Polish Civil Proceedings, Russian Law Journal 2014, no. 4, p. 78.

  4. 4.

    A. Marciniak, Sądowe postępowanie egzekucyjne w sprawach cywilnych [Court enforcement proceedings in civil cases], Warsaw 2019, p. 23.

  5. 5.

    Cf. K. Weitz, Probleme der Vollstreckung aus polnischer Sicht, in: Grenzüberschreitende Vollstreckung in der Europäischen Union, eds. M. Kengyel, V. Harsági, München 2011, pp. 184–185.

  6. 6.

    A. Marciniak, Sądowe …, pp. 31–32.

  7. 7.

    A. Marciniak, Sądowe …, pp. 31–32.

  8. 8.

    J. Misztal-Konecka, Postępowanie zabezpieczające i egzekucyjne w sprawach cywilnych [Interim remedy proceedings and enforcement proceedings in civil cases], Warsaw 2019, p. 201ff.

  9. 9.

    A. Marciniak, Sądowe …, p. 315ff.; J. Misztal-Konecka, Postępowanie …, p. 314ff.

  10. 10.

    Under Polish law and within certain limits, a writ of execution may be issued for an enforcement title to also include the debtor’s spouse, which means that enforcement may be (also) conducted against the joint property of the spouses.

  11. 11.

    For more information see: K. Weitz, Die Entwicklung des polnischen Zivilprozessrechts nach der politischen Wende im Jahre 1989, ZZPInt 2006, Vol. 11, p. 89ff; K. Weitz, Reformen des Zivilprozessrechts in der Dritten Polnischen Republik, in: Die Entwicklung des Zivilprozessrechts in Mitteleuropa um die Jahrtausendwende. Reform und Kodifikation—Tradition und Erneuerung, ed. Th. Sutter-Somm, V. Harsági, Zürich, Basel, Genf 2012, p. 189ff.; P. Rylski, Polish Civil Procedure: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow—Some Remarks About Recent Changes of Procedural Law in Poland, Bratislava Law Review 2019, no. 1, p. 139ff.

  12. 12.

    It began with the Judicial Enforcement Officers and Enforcement Act of 29 August 1997. It was repealed in 2018. Cf. comments below.

  13. 13.

    Civil Procedure Code’s and Certain Other Acts’ Amendment Act of 2 July 2004.

  14. 14.

    K. Weitz, Czy nowa kodyfikacja postępowania cywilnego? [New codification of the civil procedure?], Państwo i Prawo 2007, No. 3, p. 17.

  15. 15.

    Pursuant to the Civil Procedure Code’s and Certain Other Acts’ Amendment Act of 9 January 2009.

  16. 16.

    Civil Code’s, Civil Procedure Code’s and Certain Other Acts’ Amendment Act of 10 July 2015.

  17. 17.

    Cf. in particular the Civil Procedure Code’s Amendment Act of 10 May 2013 and the Civil Procedure Code’s and Certain Other Acts’ Amendment Act of 4 July 2019.

  18. 18.

    For more details see Egzekucja sądowa w świetle przepisów z zakresu międzynarodowego postępowania cywilnego [Court enforcement proceedings in light of provisions under international civil law], ed. A. Marciniak, Sopot 2016, pasim.

  19. 19.

    K. Weitz, Probleme …, p. 186.

  20. 20.

    Judicial Enforcement Officers Act of 22 March 2018 and Enforcement Costs Act of 28 February 2018.

  21. 21.

    See E. Staszewska, Quasi-pracownicze uprawnienia komornika na gruncie ustawy o komornikach sądowych [Quasi-employee rights of judicial enforcement officers under the Judicial Enforcement Officers Act], in: Komornicy sądowi i egzekucja sądowa w nowej rzeczywistości prawnej [Judicial enforcement officers and court enforcement proceedings in a new legal reality], ed. R. Kulski, Sopot 2019, p. 17ff.

  22. 22.

    A. Marciniak, Sądowe …, p. 110.

  23. 23.

    Cf. A. Marciniak, Sądowe …, pp. 111–113; T. Zembrzuski, Zarządzenia sądu z urzędu a odpowiedzialność odszkodowawcza komornika sądowego i Skarbu Państwa [Court rulings ex officio vs liability of judicial enforcement officers and State Treasury for damages], in: Sądowe postępowanie egzekucyjne [Court enforcement proceedings]. Nowe wyzwania i perspektywy [New challenges and perspectives], ed. J. Jagieła, Warsaw 2020, p. 145ff.

  24. 24.

    Cf. A. Laskowska-Hulisz, Złożenie przez dłużnika wykazu majątku komornikowi sądowemu w postępowaniu egzekucyjnym w sprawach cywilnych (art. 8011 k.p.c.) [Debtor’s filing a list of assets to a judicial enforcement officer in enforcement proceedings in civil cases (Article 8011 of the CPC), in: Sądowe postępowanie …, pp. 120–121.

  25. 25.

    Cf. M. Cichorska, Poszukiwanie majątku dłużnika przez komornika [Search of debtor’s property by judicial enforcement officer], in: Komornicy sądowi i egzekucja sądowa w nowej rzeczywistości prawnej [Judicial enforcement officers and court enforcement proceedings in a new legal reality], ed. R. Kulski, Sopot 2019, pp. 279–284.

  26. 26.

    For more general information on computerisation see P. Rylski, Polish Civil…, pp. 140–142.

  27. 27.

    R. Kulski, Some Remarks on the Course od Polish Electronic Proceedings by Writ of Payment, [in:] Electronic and Justice – Present and Future, Pecs 2010, p. 17.

  28. 28.

    Cf. P. Rylski, Covid-19 and the Civil Justice in Poland, Septentrio Reports (2020), no 5, pp. 43–44, https://doi.org/10.7557/7.5469.

  29. 29.

    P. Rylski, Wnioski wierzyciela złożone “w celu szykany dłużnika” (art. 801 par 2 i 3 KPC) [Creditor’s motion filed “to harass the debtor” (Article 801(2) and (3) of the CPC] in: Sądowe postępowanie…, p. 126.

  30. 30.

    A. Jarocha, Obowiązek komornika sądowego w zakresie udzielania pouczeń w kontekście zmian Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego dokonanych ustawą o komornikach sądowych [Judicial enforcement officer’s duty to give advice in light of amendments to the Civil Procedure Code pursuant to the Judicial Enforcement Officers Act], [in:] Komornicy sądowi…, p. 249.

  31. 31.

    H. Pietrzkowski, Egzekucja prowadzona na podstawie art. 1050–10511 k.p.c. po nowelizacji dokonanej ustawą z 16 września 2011 r. [Enforcement pursuant to Article 1050–10511 of the CPC after the amendment by way of the Act of 16 September 2011], Polski Proces Cywilny 2012, No. 1, p. 45.

References

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  • Weitz K (2010) Die Bedeutung der Rezeption für die Entwicklung des polnischen Zivilprozessrechts. Ritsumeikan Law Rev. International Edition (27):141ff

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  • Weitz K (2011) Probleme der Vollstreckung aus polnischer Sicht. In: Kengyel M, Harsági V (eds) Grenzüberschreitende Vollstreckung in der Europäischen Union, München, pp 184–185

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  • Weitz K (2012) Reformen des Zivilprozessrechts in der Dritten Polnischen Republik. In: Sutter-Somm T, Harsági V (eds) Die Entwicklung des Zivilprozessrechts in Mitteleuropa um die Jahrtausendwende. Reform und Kodifikation—Tradition und Erneuerung, Zürich, Basel, Genf 2012, p 189ff

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  1. Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

    Piotr Rylski & Karol Weitz

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  1. Piotr Rylski
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Correspondence to Piotr Rylski .

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  1. Faculty of Law, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan

    Masahisa Deguchi

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Rylski, P., Weitz, K. (2022). Polish Enforcement Law in Civil Cases General Characteristics and Directions of Development. In: Deguchi, M. (eds) Effective Enforcement of Creditors’ Rights. Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, vol 91. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5609-5_19

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