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Models for Closed-Loop Cardiac Control Using Vagal Nerve Stimulation

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Handbook of Neuroengineering

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Abstract

Vagal nerve stimulation has shown beneficial effects in treating cardiovascular diseases. However, the lack of clinical efficacy, as well as differences in stimulation parameters due to patient variability, indicates the necessity to integrate an automatic closed-loop control method, enabling subject-specific, optimal VNS parameter updates in real time. A mathematical model to predict subject-specific cardiovascular response to vagal nerve stimulation is required for validating the efficacy and safety of the closed-loop VNS device, as well as to explore more advanced control algorithms. This chapter provides a brief review of published mathematical models involved in predicting short-term cardiovascular response to vagal nerve stimulation. The entire system is discussed by separating it into four subsystems, representing the cardiac electrophysiology, the circulation system, the regulation mechanisms, and the electrical stimulation. The physiological issues involved in each subsystem and how these issues have been handled in published models are investigated. This chapter provides a framework for future efforts in mathematical modeling of the entire closed-loop cardiac control system using vagal nerve stimulation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA

    Yuyu Yao & Mayuresh V. Kothare

  2. Neuroengineering and Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Nitish V. Thakor

Authors
  1. Yuyu Yao
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  2. Mayuresh V. Kothare
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  3. Nitish V. Thakor
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Correspondence to Mayuresh V. Kothare .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Neuroengineering and Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Nitish V. Thakor

Appendix

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Table 4 List of Abbreviations
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Yao, Y., Kothare, M.V., Thakor, N.V. (2023). Models for Closed-Loop Cardiac Control Using Vagal Nerve Stimulation. In: Thakor, N.V. (eds) Handbook of Neuroengineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5540-1_123

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