Abstract
Aggressive tumors typically recruit different kinds of stromal cells to assist their growth and proliferation. Among such compatriots, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are getting increasing attention as a therapeutic target due to their prime role in all the aspects of tumorigenesis. TAM-based therapeutic approaches focus on either depletion of TAMs or functional repolarization of pro-tumorigenic TAMs to anti-tumorigenic phenotype. However, currently used therapeutics are associated with various limitations, such as low specificity, systemic toxicity, and adverse side effects, inhibiting their successful employment in clinics. Therefore, the introduction of nanotherapeutics targeting TAMs has become an emerging field of research in the last decade. Nanoengineering enabled development of nanocarriers that can deliver a wide range of therapeutic cargo. Functionalization of nanocarriers with ligands targeting TAMs facilitates the target-specific delivery of therapeutics, minimizing the off-target effects. Diverse materials are used to fabricate the nanocarriers to incorporate hydrophobic drugs, and labile biomolecules such as cytokines, and nucleic acids. To date, very few nanomedicines are approved for clinical usage despite of their success in preclinical setups, which suggests the need for future improvement in nanoparticle design and human-relevant preclinical models for their testing followed by their validation as precision medicine.
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Acknowledgments
Authors are grateful to Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology (IBB), SPPU for providing the facility and infrastructure. AT thanks DBT-JRF program for the fellowship. PG thanks RUSA for the fellowship.
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Teli, A., Gaikwad, P., Chakave, S., Kane, A., Dey, T. (2022). Nanomedicines for Tumor-Associated Macrophages. In: Chakraborti, S. (eds) Handbook of Oxidative Stress in Cancer: Therapeutic Aspects. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5422-0_265
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