Abstract
Seventy percent of the earth’s surface is covered by the ocean which is the major contributor to oxygen production in the environment and home to diverse life forms. Plastic discovery has revolutionized many sectors such as industrial, fashion, construction and medical. It is now emerging as an alarming problem and piled up into patches in the ocean affecting coastal communities, biodiversity, climate and human health. The sewage passages, dumping of household, industrial plastic litter, ship docks and fishing gear activities in the oceans are the major source of marine plastic pollution. Plastics are used everywhere globally, but production, consumption and disposal are unequally distributed across the globe. Some common practices, such as restricting microplastic usages and manual clean-up of plastic packages and products across the international ocean boundaries, are being applied to some extent. However, strict legal regulation for the life cycle assessment of plastics which will ensures sustainability during production, manufacturing, consumption, trade and disposal. Implementing target measures based on available knowledge will be a foundation step. Bioremediation technologies are being developed for the in situ application of microbes with enhanced plastic-degrading ability. Nonetheless, overall remediation of plastics from the ocean considering sustainability and the economy with current practices is challenging without technological, social and legal unification. This chapter elaborates on the current situation, adopted strategies and future outlooks of plastic pollution in the sea.
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Authors acknowledge the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, for providing financial support (CSC0120-Waste to Wealth). Author AK acknowledges the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, New Delhi, for providing senior research fellowship.
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Kumari, A., Chaudhary, D.R. (2022). Strategies to Cope with the Plastic Pollution in the Sea. In: Shahnawaz, M., Sangale, M.K., Daochen, Z., Ade, A.B. (eds) Impact of Plastic Waste on the Marine Biota. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5403-9_6
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