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Mitigation of the Micro- and Nanoplastic Using Phycoremediation Technology

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Impact of Plastic Waste on the Marine Biota

Abstract

Asia is the largest global plastic consumer, with about 35% of the world’s plastic consumption. Considering that Malaysia is a part of Asia, it is evident that plastic use is extensive. Unfortunately, discarding plastic causes several environmental hazards and affects human wellbeing. The environmental authorities and the government have been organising campaigns that focus on propagating the reduce, recycling, and reuse concept among the Malaysian public. Nevertheless, after considering the extensive presence of microorganisms in the environment and their affinity towards degrading plastic, the use of such microorganisms and enzymes appears an efficacious approach. Environmental degradation of plastic typically happens through five processes: photodegradation, thermo-oxidative breakdown, hydrolytic degradation, mechanical degradation, and microbial degradation. Microbial degradation comprises plastic breakdown by microorganisms, which produce enzymes that can split long-chain polymers. Microbial enzymes are interesting since they are cost-effective and require minimal maintenance; at the same time, they are easy to manipulate. Rhizopus delemar, R. arrhizus, Pseudomonas sp., Penicillium funiculosum, and Aspergillus flavus are the five microbes that have been cited extensively regarding their ability to break down specific plastics. Moreover, fungal, bacterial, cyanobacteria, and actinomycetes capabilities for plastic degradation are among the environmentally friendly techniques that can help the environment. This chapter discussed how cyanobacteria could be used to break down plastics. The projected research outcome is the identification of potent microbial agents that can rapidly degrade plastics with minimal environmental impact.

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Acknowledgements

The research was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education (Malaysia) and International Islamic University Malaysia under RPDF19-003-0013 grant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Herbarium Unit, Department of Landscape Architecture, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Rashidi Othman & Nor Hafizana Mat Jusoh

  2. Institute of the Malay World and Civilization, The National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Razanah Ramya

  3. International Institute for Halal Research and Training, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Nur Hanie Mohd Latif & Wan Syibrah Hanisah Wan Sulaiman

  4. Institute of Islam Hadhari, The National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Farah Ayuni Mohd Hatta & Qurratu Aini Mat Ali

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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rashidi Othman .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

    Mohd. Shahnawaz

  2. Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru, Natural Resource Wales, Swansea, UK

    Manisha K. Sangale

  3. Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

    Zhu Daochen

  4. Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India

    Avinash B. Ade

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© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Othman, R. et al. (2022). Mitigation of the Micro- and Nanoplastic Using Phycoremediation Technology. In: Shahnawaz, M., Sangale, M.K., Daochen, Z., Ade, A.B. (eds) Impact of Plastic Waste on the Marine Biota. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5403-9_10

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